Epithelial barrier theory: the role of exposome, microbiome, and barrier function in allergic diseases
Epithelial barrier theory: the role of exposome, microbiome, and barrier function in allergic diseases
Allergic diseases are a major public health problem with increasing prevalence. These immune-mediated diseases are characterized by defective epithelial barriers, which are explained by the epithelial barrier theory and continuously emerging evidence. Environmental exposures (exposome) including global warming, changes and loss of biodiversity, pollution, pathogens, allergens and mites, laundry and dishwasher detergents, surfactants, shampoos, body cleaners and household cleaners, microplastics, nanoparticles, toothpaste, enzymes and emulsifiers in processed foods, and dietary habits are responsible for the mucosal and skin barrier disruption. Exposure to barrier-damaging agents causes epithelial cell injury and barrier damage, colonization of opportunistic pathogens, loss of commensal bacteria, decreased microbiota diversity, bacterial translocation, allergic sensitization, and inflammation in the periepithelial area. Here, we review scientific evidence on the environmental components that impact epithelial barriers and microbiome composition and their influence on asthma and allergic diseases. We also discuss the historical overview of allergic diseases and the evolution of the hygiene hypothesis with theoretical evidence.
705-724
Losol, Purevsuren
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Sokolowska, Milena
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Hwang, Yu-Kyoung
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Ogulur, Ismail
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Mitamura, Yasutaka
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Yazici, Duygu
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Pat, Yagiz
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Radzikowska, Urszula
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Ardicli, Sena
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Yoon, Jeong-Eun
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Choi, Jun-Pyo
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Kim, Sae-Hoon
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van de Veen, Willem
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Akdis, Mübeccel
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Chang, Yoon-Seok
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Akdis, Cezmi A.
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November 2023
Losol, Purevsuren
13912f45-98d6-4aba-b057-0027993de4c7
Sokolowska, Milena
36e6c534-2042-4bfc-a1eb-f8d7a750686d
Hwang, Yu-Kyoung
33f11c25-757e-49e7-b19b-49010bfc3e8b
Ogulur, Ismail
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Mitamura, Yasutaka
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Yazici, Duygu
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Pat, Yagiz
3c78df71-4ca8-47b2-9b34-35b93230d67f
Radzikowska, Urszula
95783949-48f8-456d-806a-104f84adeeb9
Ardicli, Sena
14d77246-bf50-4c48-882c-efdd203222ae
Yoon, Jeong-Eun
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Choi, Jun-Pyo
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Kim, Sae-Hoon
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van de Veen, Willem
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Akdis, Mübeccel
2a0a4a57-2b30-4341-84db-2f51b1e8283c
Chang, Yoon-Seok
6c517880-794d-4b83-926d-1940310e2ce5
Akdis, Cezmi A.
7caf5288-4936-46b3-b9a9-3b4ec90581af
Losol, Purevsuren, Sokolowska, Milena, Hwang, Yu-Kyoung, Ogulur, Ismail, Mitamura, Yasutaka, Yazici, Duygu, Pat, Yagiz, Radzikowska, Urszula, Ardicli, Sena, Yoon, Jeong-Eun, Choi, Jun-Pyo, Kim, Sae-Hoon, van de Veen, Willem, Akdis, Mübeccel, Chang, Yoon-Seok and Akdis, Cezmi A.
(2023)
Epithelial barrier theory: the role of exposome, microbiome, and barrier function in allergic diseases.
Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Research, 15 (6), .
(doi:10.4168/aair.2023.15.6.705).
Abstract
Allergic diseases are a major public health problem with increasing prevalence. These immune-mediated diseases are characterized by defective epithelial barriers, which are explained by the epithelial barrier theory and continuously emerging evidence. Environmental exposures (exposome) including global warming, changes and loss of biodiversity, pollution, pathogens, allergens and mites, laundry and dishwasher detergents, surfactants, shampoos, body cleaners and household cleaners, microplastics, nanoparticles, toothpaste, enzymes and emulsifiers in processed foods, and dietary habits are responsible for the mucosal and skin barrier disruption. Exposure to barrier-damaging agents causes epithelial cell injury and barrier damage, colonization of opportunistic pathogens, loss of commensal bacteria, decreased microbiota diversity, bacterial translocation, allergic sensitization, and inflammation in the periepithelial area. Here, we review scientific evidence on the environmental components that impact epithelial barriers and microbiome composition and their influence on asthma and allergic diseases. We also discuss the historical overview of allergic diseases and the evolution of the hygiene hypothesis with theoretical evidence.
Text
9999AAIR_aair-15-705
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Accepted/In Press date: 7 October 2023
e-pub ahead of print date: 26 October 2023
Published date: November 2023
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Local EPrints ID: 507160
URI: http://eprints.soton.ac.uk/id/eprint/507160
ISSN: 2092-7355
PURE UUID: 00a9fba2-12a4-4a73-a18f-55daa7ffa739
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Date deposited: 28 Nov 2025 17:33
Last modified: 29 Nov 2025 03:07
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Contributors
Author:
Purevsuren Losol
Author:
Milena Sokolowska
Author:
Yu-Kyoung Hwang
Author:
Ismail Ogulur
Author:
Yasutaka Mitamura
Author:
Duygu Yazici
Author:
Yagiz Pat
Author:
Urszula Radzikowska
Author:
Sena Ardicli
Author:
Jeong-Eun Yoon
Author:
Jun-Pyo Choi
Author:
Sae-Hoon Kim
Author:
Willem van de Veen
Author:
Mübeccel Akdis
Author:
Yoon-Seok Chang
Author:
Cezmi A. Akdis
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