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Hierarchy in green: subordinate executives and eco-innovation dynamics

Hierarchy in green: subordinate executives and eco-innovation dynamics
Hierarchy in green: subordinate executives and eco-innovation dynamics

Internal governance is the process through which subordinate executives, driven by their longer decision horizons and focus on long-term value, counteract the CEO's short-term self-interests to influence corporate decisions. We examine whether and how internal governance affects eco-innovation, which delivers long-term value at the expense of initial investment outlays. We find that more effective internal governance motivates eco-innovation and that this effect operates through two channels. First, subordinate executives' bottom-up influence on the CEO prompts them to increase their long-term awareness to exercise this influence and motivate eco-innovation. Second, more effective internal governance enhances the top management team's ecological awareness to motivate eco-innovation. We further reveal that subordinate-driven internal governance plays a more significant role when CEOs are more opportunistic. Last, we find that more effective internal governance improves eco-innovation quality, highlighting that subordinates play an important role in both the quantity and quality of firms' eco-innovation.

Eco-innovation, Ecological awareness, Internal governance, Long-term awareness, Subordinate executives' horizon
0140-9883
Liew, Millie
04bc1352-cc0b-4f6a-bb16-3e71f7afa0eb
Li, Zhuo
06484d33-2ca0-4215-91b9-d5866d6b5e99
Cao, June
af0d62ff-d54c-412f-a152-cc04c63c7290
Liew, Millie
04bc1352-cc0b-4f6a-bb16-3e71f7afa0eb
Li, Zhuo
06484d33-2ca0-4215-91b9-d5866d6b5e99
Cao, June
af0d62ff-d54c-412f-a152-cc04c63c7290

Liew, Millie, Li, Zhuo and Cao, June (2026) Hierarchy in green: subordinate executives and eco-innovation dynamics. Energy Economics, 154, [109146]. (doi:10.1016/j.eneco.2026.109146).

Record type: Article

Abstract

Internal governance is the process through which subordinate executives, driven by their longer decision horizons and focus on long-term value, counteract the CEO's short-term self-interests to influence corporate decisions. We examine whether and how internal governance affects eco-innovation, which delivers long-term value at the expense of initial investment outlays. We find that more effective internal governance motivates eco-innovation and that this effect operates through two channels. First, subordinate executives' bottom-up influence on the CEO prompts them to increase their long-term awareness to exercise this influence and motivate eco-innovation. Second, more effective internal governance enhances the top management team's ecological awareness to motivate eco-innovation. We further reveal that subordinate-driven internal governance plays a more significant role when CEOs are more opportunistic. Last, we find that more effective internal governance improves eco-innovation quality, highlighting that subordinates play an important role in both the quantity and quality of firms' eco-innovation.

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Accepted/In Press date: 11 January 2026
e-pub ahead of print date: 16 January 2026
Published date: 21 January 2026
Keywords: Eco-innovation, Ecological awareness, Internal governance, Long-term awareness, Subordinate executives' horizon

Identifiers

Local EPrints ID: 508765
URI: http://eprints.soton.ac.uk/id/eprint/508765
ISSN: 0140-9883
PURE UUID: 29e319f9-0e77-420c-b890-c405cfdf370e
ORCID for June Cao: ORCID iD orcid.org/0000-0003-2981-4174

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Date deposited: 03 Feb 2026 17:37
Last modified: 04 Feb 2026 03:15

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Contributors

Author: Millie Liew
Author: Zhuo Li
Author: June Cao ORCID iD

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