The impact of community-organized/sponsored activities on health outcomes in older adults: a systematic review

Abstract

Background and Objectives
The global ageing population calls for innovative strategies to support healthy ageing. Community organized/sponsored activities (COAs) are community-led nonclinical activities, typically facilitated by community centers, volunteers or peers, designed to promote social participation, interpersonal connections and enhanced well-being. COAs are increasingly promoted to enhance older adults’ health. As research on their health impact is fragmented, this systematic review aims to synthesize evidence on the relationship between distinct COAs and health outcomes among older adults, focusing on physical, mental, behavioral health, and overall well-being.

Research Design and Methods
A search of PsycINFO, CINAHL, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science identified peer-reviewed empirical studies published between 2004 and 2024. Eligible studies examined COAs and health outcomes in older adults. Study quality was assessed using the Effective Public Health Practice Project (EPHPP) tool, and thematic analysis classified activities into six types across four health dimensions.

Results
Twenty-one studies met the inclusion criteria. Physical, social, and volunteer activities consistently correlated with improved physical health outcomes, including enhanced mobility and reduced disability risk. Social activities also correlated with better mental health, reducing depressive symptoms. However, associations between educational/cultural and health promotion activities with behavioral health were less clear. Studies lacking specified activity types produced mixed findings, highlighting a need for standardized classifications.

Discussion and Implications
COAs significantly contribute to healthy ageing, particularly enhancing physical and mental health. Future research should adopt standardized classifications and longitudinal designs to clarify causal relationships and subgroup differences, guiding targeted activities and fostering age-friendly communities.

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Identifiers

ORCID for Fei Wang: orcid.org/0000-0003-1075-5231

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