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Impact of power structure on probabilistic selling in supply chains

Impact of power structure on probabilistic selling in supply chains
Impact of power structure on probabilistic selling in supply chains

Opaque products are gaining increasing popularity across a wide range of markets, where sellers and their suppliers may possess asymmetric market power. To study how the distribution of power between supply chain members impacts the dynamics of probabilistic selling, this paper uses a game-theory-based framework to capture two different power structures in supply chains: a manufacturer-led structure and a retailer-led structure. Our work uncovers several important findings. First, we reveal that power structure plays an important role in shaping the introduction of probabilistic selling. Probabilistic selling is more likely to arise in the manufacturer-led supply chain when product differentiation is relatively small, whereas it is more likely to emerge in the retailer-led supply chain when product differentiation is substantial. Second, we show that the impact of probabilistic selling on the profitability of supply chain members varies with power structure. The dominant member always benefits from the adoption of probabilistic selling, while the subordinate member may experience a loss in profit. Third, we find that inter-party transfers within supply chains can facilitate the adoption of probabilistic selling, creating a “win-win” outcome. The direction of the transfers varies with the power structure. Our work advances the understanding of probabilistic selling under different power structures in supply chains.

Game theory, Power structure, Pricing, Probabilistic selling, Supply chain management
0925-5273
Zhang, Mengying
7d3eb8b3-bd02-47a2-bf03-3e000f9e2fd7
Zhang, Zihao
8359ef26-41c3-4b52-8b85-c65875867a4c
Yuan, Zhennan
3634d6ba-78fd-4cde-995e-44949f3ba339
Yu, Huan
071c97e4-f277-4fdf-a6f8-e3fe25f98769
Zhang, Mengying
7d3eb8b3-bd02-47a2-bf03-3e000f9e2fd7
Zhang, Zihao
8359ef26-41c3-4b52-8b85-c65875867a4c
Yuan, Zhennan
3634d6ba-78fd-4cde-995e-44949f3ba339
Yu, Huan
071c97e4-f277-4fdf-a6f8-e3fe25f98769

Zhang, Mengying, Zhang, Zihao, Yuan, Zhennan and Yu, Huan (2026) Impact of power structure on probabilistic selling in supply chains. International Journal of Production Economics, 296, [109940]. (doi:10.1016/j.ijpe.2026.109940).

Record type: Article

Abstract

Opaque products are gaining increasing popularity across a wide range of markets, where sellers and their suppliers may possess asymmetric market power. To study how the distribution of power between supply chain members impacts the dynamics of probabilistic selling, this paper uses a game-theory-based framework to capture two different power structures in supply chains: a manufacturer-led structure and a retailer-led structure. Our work uncovers several important findings. First, we reveal that power structure plays an important role in shaping the introduction of probabilistic selling. Probabilistic selling is more likely to arise in the manufacturer-led supply chain when product differentiation is relatively small, whereas it is more likely to emerge in the retailer-led supply chain when product differentiation is substantial. Second, we show that the impact of probabilistic selling on the profitability of supply chain members varies with power structure. The dominant member always benefits from the adoption of probabilistic selling, while the subordinate member may experience a loss in profit. Third, we find that inter-party transfers within supply chains can facilitate the adoption of probabilistic selling, creating a “win-win” outcome. The direction of the transfers varies with the power structure. Our work advances the understanding of probabilistic selling under different power structures in supply chains.

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PROECO-D-24-03542_R3 copy - Accepted Manuscript
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More information

Accepted/In Press date: 23 January 2026
e-pub ahead of print date: 24 January 2026
Published date: 30 January 2026
Keywords: Game theory, Power structure, Pricing, Probabilistic selling, Supply chain management

Identifiers

Local EPrints ID: 509695
URI: http://eprints.soton.ac.uk/id/eprint/509695
ISSN: 0925-5273
PURE UUID: 5b82473c-9d8c-4eb6-8217-707cb4f8780e
ORCID for Huan Yu: ORCID iD orcid.org/0000-0003-1214-8478

Catalogue record

Date deposited: 02 Mar 2026 18:01
Last modified: 03 Mar 2026 03:04

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Contributors

Author: Mengying Zhang
Author: Zihao Zhang
Author: Zhennan Yuan
Author: Huan Yu ORCID iD

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