Polymorphisms in the SUMO4 gene region and type 1 diabetes mellitus in non-asian populations: a scoping review

Abstract

Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1D) is a complex autoimmune disease resulting from pancreatic insulin-producing cell destruction. Numerous studies have investigated the association between the Small Ubiquitin-like Modifier 4 (SUMO4) gene and the risk of T1D development. However, these findings are not consistent, particularly in non-Asian populations. This scoping review aims to comprehensively assess the association between the SUMO4 gene and TD1 in individuals of non-Asian origin. A systematic search of electronic databases was performed, including Web of Science, PubMed, Embase and Scopus. Case-control studies and prospective cohorts that provided relevant information for the association analysis were included. 6,841 articles were initially identified through database searches. After removing duplicates, 3,835 articles remained for screening. Twenty-five studies underwent full-text analysis, with nine being included in the scoping review after 16 were excluded. These studies utilized various genotyping methods, including PCR-ARMS, SSCP, RFLP, and genotyping platforms such as ILMN and SQMN. While some studies reported the male/female ratio, others focused on family studies or diabetic probands. The research was predominantly conducted in North America, Europe, Oceania, and Argentina. Across these studies, no significant evidence linking SUMO4 SNPs to T1D was found, except for marginal associations or those dependent on high-risk HLA genotype positivity. No significant association was detected between the SUMO4 gene and T1D in non-asian individuals. This finding suggests that polymorphisms in this gene might not play a substantial role in susceptibility to T1D in the investigated population.

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ORCID for Alexessander Couto Alves: orcid.org/0000-0001-8519-7356

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