Low friction glaze layer formation during lubricated dynamic pressure sliding of grade 250 flake graphite cast iron
Low friction glaze layer formation during lubricated dynamic pressure sliding of grade 250 flake graphite cast iron
Evaluating scuffing resistance of new materials for reciprocating engine components can be achieved using dynamic pressure sliding. Surface species responsible for low friction behaviour observed prior to scuffing initiation in a Grade 250 flake graphite cast iron under dynamic pressure (8–62 MPa) sliding conditions experienced by a heavy-duty diesel engine top compression ring were evaluated. Lubricated reciprocating tribometer tests were performed in a polyalphaolefin base oil with temperature incremented to 250 °C to induce scuffing. Friction and contact potential measurements revealed a transition from mixed to boundary lubrication, followed by a period of low friction preceding scuffing initiation. Post-test surface analysis was conducted using a range of advanced microscopy techniques (Raman, FIB, STEM, EDX and EELS) and suggested a complex series of tribochemical reactions are responsible for formation and removal of phases such as siloxanes and ferrous oxides that lead to the initiation of scuffing.
'glaze’ layer, cast iron, friction, oxidative wear, scuffing, ‘glaze’ layer
Walker, John
b300eafd-5b0a-4cf5-86d2-735813b04c6f
Kamps, Timothy
af6a5d06-2ca6-4a12-8953-5aa1fa285f90
Patton, Keith
e1f43504-a561-4caa-b1c1-4a5cd498e72e
Walker, John
b300eafd-5b0a-4cf5-86d2-735813b04c6f
Kamps, Timothy
af6a5d06-2ca6-4a12-8953-5aa1fa285f90
Patton, Keith
e1f43504-a561-4caa-b1c1-4a5cd498e72e
Walker, John, Kamps, Timothy and Patton, Keith
(2026)
Low friction glaze layer formation during lubricated dynamic pressure sliding of grade 250 flake graphite cast iron.
Tribology - Materials, Surfaces & Interfaces.
(doi:10.1177/17515831261422305).
Abstract
Evaluating scuffing resistance of new materials for reciprocating engine components can be achieved using dynamic pressure sliding. Surface species responsible for low friction behaviour observed prior to scuffing initiation in a Grade 250 flake graphite cast iron under dynamic pressure (8–62 MPa) sliding conditions experienced by a heavy-duty diesel engine top compression ring were evaluated. Lubricated reciprocating tribometer tests were performed in a polyalphaolefin base oil with temperature incremented to 250 °C to induce scuffing. Friction and contact potential measurements revealed a transition from mixed to boundary lubrication, followed by a period of low friction preceding scuffing initiation. Post-test surface analysis was conducted using a range of advanced microscopy techniques (Raman, FIB, STEM, EDX and EELS) and suggested a complex series of tribochemical reactions are responsible for formation and removal of phases such as siloxanes and ferrous oxides that lead to the initiation of scuffing.
Text
walker-et-al-2026-low-friction-glaze-layer-formation-during-lubricated-dynamic-pressure-sliding-of-grade-250-flake
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Accepted/In Press date: 23 January 2026
e-pub ahead of print date: 16 February 2026
Keywords:
'glaze’ layer, cast iron, friction, oxidative wear, scuffing, ‘glaze’ layer
Identifiers
Local EPrints ID: 510167
URI: http://eprints.soton.ac.uk/id/eprint/510167
ISSN: 1751-5831
PURE UUID: dbad1ceb-8282-4577-baa2-c00ea23a8efb
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Date deposited: 19 Mar 2026 17:41
Last modified: 19 Mar 2026 17:41
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Author:
Timothy Kamps
Author:
Keith Patton
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