STED imaging of neuronal morphology

Inavalli, Veera Venkata Gopala Krishna and Nägerl, Urs Valentin (2025) STED imaging of neuronal morphology. In, Sibarita, Jean-Baptiste (ed.) Photonic Imaging for Biology: From Conventional Microscopy to Super-Resolution. John Wiley and Sons Inc, pp. 159-188. (doi:10.1002/9781394417896.ch8).

Abstract

This chapter explains the basic principle of stimulated emission depletion microscopy (STED), its instrumentation and several recent advancements that have made it a powerful technique well suited to probe neural morphology in a live setting with nanometric spatial resolution. The fundamental idea of STED microscopy is to shrink the size of the focal excitation spot and thereby improve the spatial resolution. Many important neurobiological questions require thick tissue samples such as brain slices or even intact brains. The development of high-power lasers and sensitive SPAD cameras to improve temporal resolution via parallelized scanning schemes, as well as the development of improved switchable nanoprobes and inorganic fluorophores for prolonged time-lapse and multi-color imaging (e.g. with RESOLFT), and the use of adaptive optics in combination with deep-learning techniques, aid in imaging deeper into the brain and achieving isotropic 3D resolution.

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Contributors

Author: Veera Venkata Gopala Krishna Inavalli

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