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Do monetary incentives encourage local communities to collect and upload mosquito sound data using smartphones? A case study in the Democratic Republic of the Congo

Do monetary incentives encourage local communities to collect and upload mosquito sound data using smartphones? A case study in the Democratic Republic of the Congo
Do monetary incentives encourage local communities to collect and upload mosquito sound data using smartphones? A case study in the Democratic Republic of the Congo
Malaria is one of the deadliest vector borne diseases affecting sub-Saharan Africa. A suite of systems are being used to monitor and manage malaria risk and disease incidence, with an increasing focus on technological interventions that allow private citizens to remotely record and upload data. However, data collected by citizen scientists must be standardised and consistent if it is to be used for scientific analysis. Studies that aim to improve data collection quality and quantity have often included incentivisation, providing citizen scientists with monetary or other benefits for their participation in data collection. We tested whether monetary incentives enhance participation and data collection in a study trialling an acoustic mosquito sensor. Working with the community in two health areas in the Democratic Republic of Congo, we measured data collection participation, completeness, and community responses. Our results showed mixed responses to the incentive, with more participants interested in the social status and monetary value of the technology used than the monetary incentive itself. The effect of incentives on data collection varied over the course of the trial, increasing participation in the start of the trial but with no effect in the latter half of the trial. Feedback from participants showed that opinions on technology, research objectives, and incentives varied between communities, and was associated with differences in data collection quantity and quality, suggesting that differences in community interest in data collection and the incentives may be more important than the incentive value itself. These results suggest that though there is an initial benefit, extrinsic motivations do not override differences in intrinsic motivations over time, and enhanced communication and dialogue with participants may improve citizen science participation and attitudes.
1932-6203
Storer, Kieran E.
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Messina, Jane P.
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Herreros-Moya, Eva
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Metelo, Emery
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Zanga, Josué
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Mvuama, Nono M.
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Muzinga, Soleil
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Dam, Rinita
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Sinka, Marianne
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Kiskin, Ivan
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Everett, Josh
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Li, Yunpeng
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Roberts, Stephen
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Willis, Katherine J.
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da Luz, Raquel Inocencio
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Storer, Kieran E.
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da Luz, Raquel Inocencio
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Messina, Jane P.
d7056ef3-752d-48df-8907-2161e498b47c
Herreros-Moya, Eva
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Metelo, Emery
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Zanga, Josué
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Mvuama, Nono M.
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Muzinga, Soleil
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Dam, Rinita
d4d3739f-ce86-4dc9-b5cf-7e23ec52396f
Sinka, Marianne
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Kiskin, Ivan
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Everett, Josh
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Li, Yunpeng
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Roberts, Stephen
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Willis, Katherine J.
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Storer, Kieran E., Messina, Jane P., Herreros-Moya, Eva, Metelo, Emery, Zanga, Josué, Mvuama, Nono M., Muzinga, Soleil, Dam, Rinita, Sinka, Marianne, Kiskin, Ivan, Everett, Josh, Li, Yunpeng, Roberts, Stephen and Willis, Katherine J. , da Luz, Raquel Inocencio (ed.) (2025) Do monetary incentives encourage local communities to collect and upload mosquito sound data using smartphones? A case study in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. PLoS ONE, 20 (8), [e0314122]. (doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0314122).

Record type: Article

Abstract

Malaria is one of the deadliest vector borne diseases affecting sub-Saharan Africa. A suite of systems are being used to monitor and manage malaria risk and disease incidence, with an increasing focus on technological interventions that allow private citizens to remotely record and upload data. However, data collected by citizen scientists must be standardised and consistent if it is to be used for scientific analysis. Studies that aim to improve data collection quality and quantity have often included incentivisation, providing citizen scientists with monetary or other benefits for their participation in data collection. We tested whether monetary incentives enhance participation and data collection in a study trialling an acoustic mosquito sensor. Working with the community in two health areas in the Democratic Republic of Congo, we measured data collection participation, completeness, and community responses. Our results showed mixed responses to the incentive, with more participants interested in the social status and monetary value of the technology used than the monetary incentive itself. The effect of incentives on data collection varied over the course of the trial, increasing participation in the start of the trial but with no effect in the latter half of the trial. Feedback from participants showed that opinions on technology, research objectives, and incentives varied between communities, and was associated with differences in data collection quantity and quality, suggesting that differences in community interest in data collection and the incentives may be more important than the incentive value itself. These results suggest that though there is an initial benefit, extrinsic motivations do not override differences in intrinsic motivations over time, and enhanced communication and dialogue with participants may improve citizen science participation and attitudes.

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Accepted/In Press date: 19 June 2025
Published date: 7 August 2025

Identifiers

Local EPrints ID: 510358
URI: http://eprints.soton.ac.uk/id/eprint/510358
ISSN: 1932-6203
PURE UUID: 541c586c-300b-41be-9f57-518c85776c12
ORCID for Rinita Dam: ORCID iD orcid.org/0000-0002-4620-7088

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Date deposited: 27 Mar 2026 17:33
Last modified: 28 Mar 2026 03:20

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Contributors

Author: Kieran E. Storer
Editor: Raquel Inocencio da Luz
Author: Jane P. Messina
Author: Eva Herreros-Moya
Author: Emery Metelo
Author: Josué Zanga
Author: Nono M. Mvuama
Author: Soleil Muzinga
Author: Rinita Dam ORCID iD
Author: Marianne Sinka
Author: Ivan Kiskin
Author: Josh Everett
Author: Yunpeng Li
Author: Stephen Roberts
Author: Katherine J. Willis

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