Retrofit of a category B-listed dwelling to EnerPHit and near EnerPHit standard in Scotland with external, internal and natural insulations

Robertson, Craig and Sajjadian, Seyed Masoud (2026) Retrofit of a category B-listed dwelling to EnerPHit and near EnerPHit standard in Scotland with external, internal and natural insulations. Architectural Science Review. (doi:10.1080/00038628.2026.2621730).

Record type: Article

Abstract

Traditional and listed housing in Scotland is widely recognized for poor thermal efficiency. Deep energy retrofits are increasingly proposed to reduce energy demand, with Passive House offering an independent standard for high-performance buildings. This study investigates the feasibility of retrofitting a 1960s B-listed dwelling in Scotland to the EnerPHit standard using a case-study approach. A baseline model of the existing building was created using the Passive House Planning Package, and three retrofit strategies were assessed. The results show that the internal wall insulation (IWI) strategy met EnerPHit requirements. However, this approach generated higher CO ₂ emissions than the external wall insulation (EWI) strategy, which, while performing less well thermally, produced fewer emissions and may be more practical. A third strategy using natural materials performed the poorest. Given the building's listed status, EWI is identified as the most achievable option.

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Retrofit of a category B-listed dwelling to EnerPHit and near EnerPHit standard in Scotland with external internal and natural insulations - Version of Record

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