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Courting confidence in probation: unpacking organisational legitimacy within the criminal justice system

Courting confidence in probation: unpacking organisational legitimacy within the criminal justice system
Courting confidence in probation: unpacking organisational legitimacy within the criminal justice system

In this article, we address the hitherto neglected question of how sentencers and other professional actors in the criminal courts think about the legitimacy of probation services. We deploy a framework from the organisational studies literature, which suggests three dimensions of legitimacy that organisations seek from their stakeholders: pragmatic, moral and cognitive. Drawing on empirical research conducted in England and Wales, we find a mixed picture, with the Probation Service experiencing a crisis of pragmatic legitimacy in the eyes of court actors but performing more strongly in respect of cognitive and moral legitimacy. We argue that the analysis presented in this article not only helps us to understand the opportunities and challenges for the probation service in building legitimacy vis-a-vis the courts but that it also serves as a case study that could inform future research on (inter-)organisational legitimacy in the criminal justice field.

criminal courts, judiciary, legitimacy, probation, sentencers
2059-1098
Robinson, Gwen
3339b746-9dfe-4fa5-ae1b-027bc4d3cb7f
Millings, Matthew
400f075f-c21a-4855-865e-b99363e5df8e
Annison, Harry
91ee5a4a-811e-4b57-9fd4-df643465b2a1
Burke, Lawrence
77d900f5-c847-4914-9c58-f3c68ca51f64
Carr, Nicola
7839561e-ad73-47f3-b4d8-c4cd3cff65ee
Robinson, Gwen
3339b746-9dfe-4fa5-ae1b-027bc4d3cb7f
Millings, Matthew
400f075f-c21a-4855-865e-b99363e5df8e
Annison, Harry
91ee5a4a-811e-4b57-9fd4-df643465b2a1
Burke, Lawrence
77d900f5-c847-4914-9c58-f3c68ca51f64
Carr, Nicola
7839561e-ad73-47f3-b4d8-c4cd3cff65ee

Robinson, Gwen, Millings, Matthew, Annison, Harry, Burke, Lawrence and Carr, Nicola (2026) Courting confidence in probation: unpacking organisational legitimacy within the criminal justice system. Howard Journal of Crime and Justice. (doi:10.1111/hojo.70033).

Record type: Article

Abstract

In this article, we address the hitherto neglected question of how sentencers and other professional actors in the criminal courts think about the legitimacy of probation services. We deploy a framework from the organisational studies literature, which suggests three dimensions of legitimacy that organisations seek from their stakeholders: pragmatic, moral and cognitive. Drawing on empirical research conducted in England and Wales, we find a mixed picture, with the Probation Service experiencing a crisis of pragmatic legitimacy in the eyes of court actors but performing more strongly in respect of cognitive and moral legitimacy. We argue that the analysis presented in this article not only helps us to understand the opportunities and challenges for the probation service in building legitimacy vis-a-vis the courts but that it also serves as a case study that could inform future research on (inter-)organisational legitimacy in the criminal justice field.

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Howard J Crime Justice - 2026 - Robinson - Courting Confidence in Probation Unpacking Organisational Legitimacy Within the - Version of Record
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Accepted/In Press date: 3 February 2026
e-pub ahead of print date: 2 March 2026
Additional Information: Publisher Copyright: © 2026 The Author(s). The Howard Journal of Crime and Justice published by Howard League and John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Keywords: criminal courts, judiciary, legitimacy, probation, sentencers

Identifiers

Local EPrints ID: 510824
URI: http://eprints.soton.ac.uk/id/eprint/510824
ISSN: 2059-1098
PURE UUID: 3fa2a91a-f010-48fe-97a3-0cb3ae76d860
ORCID for Harry Annison: ORCID iD orcid.org/0000-0001-6042-038X

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Date deposited: 22 Apr 2026 16:51
Last modified: 23 Apr 2026 01:51

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Contributors

Author: Gwen Robinson
Author: Matthew Millings
Author: Harry Annison ORCID iD
Author: Lawrence Burke
Author: Nicola Carr

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