A unified optimization framework for multiple access in STAR-RIS-aided full-duplex systems
A unified optimization framework for multiple access in STAR-RIS-aided full-duplex systems
This paper introduces a unified optimization framework for bidirectional communication in simultaneously transmitting and reflecting reconfigurable intelligent surface (STAR-RIS) aided full-duplex (FD) systems. By leveraging unique characteristics of STAR-RIS modes: mode switching (MS), energy splitting (ES), and time switching (TS) - and accounting for practical channel state information (CSI) and successive interference cancellation (SIC) imperfections, we aim to optimize bidirectional multiple access for four operational regimes: 1) quality-of-service (QoS) feasibility, 2) energy efficiency (EE), 3) STAR-RIS efficiency, and 4) max-min fairness. For MS and ES modes, we employ the non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) protocol to derive a optimal STAR-RIS partitioning and energy splitting coefficients that optimizes performance subject to uplink (UL) QoS demands, then fine-tune base station (BS) power allocation to maximize downlink (DL) performance while ensuring compliance with DL-QoS. On the other hand, TS mode exploits the entire STAR-RIS for a single UE at a time, follows an orthogonal multiple access (OMA) approach and optimizes time allocation parameters individually for both UL and DL scenarios. Our performance analysis accounts for CSI/SIC imperfections. Extensive simulations confirm high consistency between analytical and numerical results, with SIC imperfections proving more disruptive due to heightened interference. While MS and ES outperform TS in terms of max-min rate under perfect SIC conditions (e.g., 5.57 bits/s/Hz in MS/ES modes compared to 3.3 bits/s/Hz in TS mode given N “ 128 and ϵ “ 0), TS yields superior results when SIC imperfections are present (e.g., 3.3 bits/s/Hz in TS mode compared to 2.05 bits/s/Hz in MS/ES modes given N “ 128 and ϵ “ 0.1).
Non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA), optimization, simultaneously transmitting and reflecting reconfigurable intelligent surface (STAR-RIS)
2646-2663
Makin, Madi
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Celik, Abdulkadir
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Arzykulov, Sultangali
25fb1b83-665d-4fe7-9e56-81cacc2f8e7a
Eltawi, Ahmed M.
a11bab67-c33a-426c-921e-b8ee39692241
Nauryzbayev, Galymzhan
3fbbb5ed-dc25-4c5a-943c-7fd329867c75
Makin, Madi
bf8c6a8f-ab2e-4d5f-8435-5899351be242
Celik, Abdulkadir
f8e72266-763c-4849-b38e-2ea2f50a69d0
Arzykulov, Sultangali
25fb1b83-665d-4fe7-9e56-81cacc2f8e7a
Eltawi, Ahmed M.
a11bab67-c33a-426c-921e-b8ee39692241
Nauryzbayev, Galymzhan
3fbbb5ed-dc25-4c5a-943c-7fd329867c75
Makin, Madi, Celik, Abdulkadir, Arzykulov, Sultangali, Eltawi, Ahmed M. and Nauryzbayev, Galymzhan
(2026)
A unified optimization framework for multiple access in STAR-RIS-aided full-duplex systems.
IEEE Open Journal of the Communications Society, 7, .
(doi:10.1109/OJCOMS.2026.3671878).
Abstract
This paper introduces a unified optimization framework for bidirectional communication in simultaneously transmitting and reflecting reconfigurable intelligent surface (STAR-RIS) aided full-duplex (FD) systems. By leveraging unique characteristics of STAR-RIS modes: mode switching (MS), energy splitting (ES), and time switching (TS) - and accounting for practical channel state information (CSI) and successive interference cancellation (SIC) imperfections, we aim to optimize bidirectional multiple access for four operational regimes: 1) quality-of-service (QoS) feasibility, 2) energy efficiency (EE), 3) STAR-RIS efficiency, and 4) max-min fairness. For MS and ES modes, we employ the non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) protocol to derive a optimal STAR-RIS partitioning and energy splitting coefficients that optimizes performance subject to uplink (UL) QoS demands, then fine-tune base station (BS) power allocation to maximize downlink (DL) performance while ensuring compliance with DL-QoS. On the other hand, TS mode exploits the entire STAR-RIS for a single UE at a time, follows an orthogonal multiple access (OMA) approach and optimizes time allocation parameters individually for both UL and DL scenarios. Our performance analysis accounts for CSI/SIC imperfections. Extensive simulations confirm high consistency between analytical and numerical results, with SIC imperfections proving more disruptive due to heightened interference. While MS and ES outperform TS in terms of max-min rate under perfect SIC conditions (e.g., 5.57 bits/s/Hz in MS/ES modes compared to 3.3 bits/s/Hz in TS mode given N “ 128 and ϵ “ 0), TS yields superior results when SIC imperfections are present (e.g., 3.3 bits/s/Hz in TS mode compared to 2.05 bits/s/Hz in MS/ES modes given N “ 128 and ϵ “ 0.1).
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A_Unified_Optimization_Framework_for_Multiple_Access_in_STAR-RIS-Aided_Full-Duplex_Systems
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Accepted/In Press date: 2026
e-pub ahead of print date: 9 March 2026
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Publisher Copyright:
© 2020 IEEE.
Keywords:
Non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA), optimization, simultaneously transmitting and reflecting reconfigurable intelligent surface (STAR-RIS)
Identifiers
Local EPrints ID: 511277
URI: http://eprints.soton.ac.uk/id/eprint/511277
ISSN: 2644-125X
PURE UUID: 1071ad87-7037-4018-9f27-87b9339f63a4
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Date deposited: 11 May 2026 16:41
Last modified: 12 May 2026 02:17
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Contributors
Author:
Madi Makin
Author:
Abdulkadir Celik
Author:
Sultangali Arzykulov
Author:
Ahmed M. Eltawi
Author:
Galymzhan Nauryzbayev
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