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Quantifying the effects of cell death and agar density on yeast colony biofilms using an extensional-flow mathematical model

Quantifying the effects of cell death and agar density on yeast colony biofilms using an extensional-flow mathematical model
Quantifying the effects of cell death and agar density on yeast colony biofilms using an extensional-flow mathematical model

We use a combination of experiments, mathematical modelling, and parameter estimation to better understand how agar density affects colony biofilm growth of the yeast species Saccharomyces cerevisiae. We obtained 15 total experimental replicates on rectangular plates filled with 0.6%, 0.8%, 1.2%, and 2.0% agar. In the experiments, we measured the horizontal expansion over time, the number of living cells, and the colony biofilm aspect ratio. These measurements quantify the colony biofilm size, composition, and shape, respectively. We modelled colony biofilm expansion using a thin-film extensional-flow mathematical model. By fitting five unknown model parameters to mean experimental data, we show that nutrient uptake decreases and biofilm–substratum adhesion strength increases with an increase in agar density. Sensitivity analysis, fitting to individual replicates, and synthetic-data analysis confirmed that increased biofilm–substratum adhesion is the most consistent effect of increased agar density. This finding aligns with similar results reported for bacteria, and suggests that substratum properties are important for yeast colony biofilm growth.

1744-683X
2430-2446
Tam, Alexander K.Y.
ec2f1e67-95c8-4777-9e76-a499f084abb5
Netherwood, Daniel J.
457af84b-8489-4597-9304-70dcbf983f90
Gardner, Jennifer M.
0d95188b-206d-4817-8437-e163351f6e7f
Zhang, Jin
4cb1ed20-f74c-4b0c-a3aa-29761b0640b7
Gourlay, Campbell W.
4df94e8c-8cbb-4f3a-bffc-a3abc1d51ee1
Jiranek, Vladimir
8e5a8dfd-f5b2-43e3-928b-11dff324abc7
Binder, Benjamin J.
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Green, J. Edward F.
79f22dac-8b72-45d9-8e6a-1b9c93ea8afd
Tam, Alexander K.Y.
ec2f1e67-95c8-4777-9e76-a499f084abb5
Netherwood, Daniel J.
457af84b-8489-4597-9304-70dcbf983f90
Gardner, Jennifer M.
0d95188b-206d-4817-8437-e163351f6e7f
Zhang, Jin
4cb1ed20-f74c-4b0c-a3aa-29761b0640b7
Gourlay, Campbell W.
4df94e8c-8cbb-4f3a-bffc-a3abc1d51ee1
Jiranek, Vladimir
8e5a8dfd-f5b2-43e3-928b-11dff324abc7
Binder, Benjamin J.
4b861311-8ad2-417c-903a-1d35e541d14b
Green, J. Edward F.
79f22dac-8b72-45d9-8e6a-1b9c93ea8afd

Tam, Alexander K.Y., Netherwood, Daniel J., Gardner, Jennifer M., Zhang, Jin, Gourlay, Campbell W., Jiranek, Vladimir, Binder, Benjamin J. and Green, J. Edward F. (2026) Quantifying the effects of cell death and agar density on yeast colony biofilms using an extensional-flow mathematical model. Soft Matter, 22, 2430-2446. (doi:10.1039/D5SM01051A).

Record type: Article

Abstract

We use a combination of experiments, mathematical modelling, and parameter estimation to better understand how agar density affects colony biofilm growth of the yeast species Saccharomyces cerevisiae. We obtained 15 total experimental replicates on rectangular plates filled with 0.6%, 0.8%, 1.2%, and 2.0% agar. In the experiments, we measured the horizontal expansion over time, the number of living cells, and the colony biofilm aspect ratio. These measurements quantify the colony biofilm size, composition, and shape, respectively. We modelled colony biofilm expansion using a thin-film extensional-flow mathematical model. By fitting five unknown model parameters to mean experimental data, we show that nutrient uptake decreases and biofilm–substratum adhesion strength increases with an increase in agar density. Sensitivity analysis, fitting to individual replicates, and synthetic-data analysis confirmed that increased biofilm–substratum adhesion is the most consistent effect of increased agar density. This finding aligns with similar results reported for bacteria, and suggests that substratum properties are important for yeast colony biofilm growth.

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Accepted/In Press date: 19 February 2026
e-pub ahead of print date: 23 February 2026

Identifiers

Local EPrints ID: 511365
URI: http://eprints.soton.ac.uk/id/eprint/511365
ISSN: 1744-683X
PURE UUID: 3d8b0783-0068-4761-8145-f5d98d61eed4
ORCID for Vladimir Jiranek: ORCID iD orcid.org/0000-0002-9775-8963

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Date deposited: 13 May 2026 16:30
Last modified: 14 May 2026 02:06

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Contributors

Author: Alexander K.Y. Tam
Author: Daniel J. Netherwood
Author: Jennifer M. Gardner
Author: Jin Zhang
Author: Campbell W. Gourlay
Author: Vladimir Jiranek ORCID iD
Author: Benjamin J. Binder
Author: J. Edward F. Green

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