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Solid-phase microextraction: investigation of the metabolism of substances that may be abused by inhalation

Solid-phase microextraction: investigation of the metabolism of substances that may be abused by inhalation
Solid-phase microextraction: investigation of the metabolism of substances that may be abused by inhalation
Purified liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), a mixture of butane, isobutane, and propane, is commonly abused by inhalation. Little is known about the mammalian metabolism of these substances. Metabolism of other hydrocarbons, including n-hexane and cyclohexane, has been studied in vitro using a range of liver preparations, with metabolites analyzed by static headspace techniques. Solid-phase microextraction (SPME) for sampling metabolites in the headspace of incubates of volatile compounds with activated rat liver microsomes is investigated. Cyclohexanol and cyclohexanone were formed from cyclohexane and 1-, 2-, and 3-hexanol and 2-hexanone from n-hexane as predicted. Secondary alcohols are found for the other compounds studied, except for propene and isobutane, together with 2-propanone and 2-butanone from propane and n-butane, respectively. Samples from three individuals who died following LPG abuse contained a range of putative n-butane metabolites: n-butanol, 2-butanol, 2,3-butanediol, 3-hydroxy-2-butanone, and 2,3-butanedione. To our knowledge, the last three compounds have not been proposed as metabolites of n-butane in man. These might be produced through similar metabolic pathways to those of n-hexane and n-heptane. The findings indicate the value of SPME for investigating the metabolism of volatile substances and for detecting and monitoring exposure to these compounds
in-vitro, in vitro, secondary, humans, volatilization, metabolism, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, microsomes, street drugs, pathology, pharmacokinetics, reference standards, alcohol, liver, rats, research support, substance-related disorders, petroleum, animals, inhalation exposure, autopsy, research, exposure
0021-9665
387-393
Walker, Richard
f3841427-4602-444e-a269-c6016f5a93e7
Flanagan, Robert J.
a710fb42-5752-451f-bf77-79b0cd623d8e
Lennard, Martin S.
2ef0fb36-386f-4ec8-9ece-00f5f4cfec3c
Mills, Graham A.
3f99eb9e-1c6c-44ec-ac67-361a6421830a
Walker, Valerie
e42b352f-5bdd-4ee0-adcd-0ce0fca21a71
Walker, Richard
f3841427-4602-444e-a269-c6016f5a93e7
Flanagan, Robert J.
a710fb42-5752-451f-bf77-79b0cd623d8e
Lennard, Martin S.
2ef0fb36-386f-4ec8-9ece-00f5f4cfec3c
Mills, Graham A.
3f99eb9e-1c6c-44ec-ac67-361a6421830a
Walker, Valerie
e42b352f-5bdd-4ee0-adcd-0ce0fca21a71

Walker, Richard, Flanagan, Robert J., Lennard, Martin S., Mills, Graham A. and Walker, Valerie (2006) Solid-phase microextraction: investigation of the metabolism of substances that may be abused by inhalation. Journal of Chromatographic Science, 44 (7), 387-393.

Record type: Article

Abstract

Purified liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), a mixture of butane, isobutane, and propane, is commonly abused by inhalation. Little is known about the mammalian metabolism of these substances. Metabolism of other hydrocarbons, including n-hexane and cyclohexane, has been studied in vitro using a range of liver preparations, with metabolites analyzed by static headspace techniques. Solid-phase microextraction (SPME) for sampling metabolites in the headspace of incubates of volatile compounds with activated rat liver microsomes is investigated. Cyclohexanol and cyclohexanone were formed from cyclohexane and 1-, 2-, and 3-hexanol and 2-hexanone from n-hexane as predicted. Secondary alcohols are found for the other compounds studied, except for propene and isobutane, together with 2-propanone and 2-butanone from propane and n-butane, respectively. Samples from three individuals who died following LPG abuse contained a range of putative n-butane metabolites: n-butanol, 2-butanol, 2,3-butanediol, 3-hydroxy-2-butanone, and 2,3-butanedione. To our knowledge, the last three compounds have not been proposed as metabolites of n-butane in man. These might be produced through similar metabolic pathways to those of n-hexane and n-heptane. The findings indicate the value of SPME for investigating the metabolism of volatile substances and for detecting and monitoring exposure to these compounds

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More information

Published date: August 2006
Keywords: in-vitro, in vitro, secondary, humans, volatilization, metabolism, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, microsomes, street drugs, pathology, pharmacokinetics, reference standards, alcohol, liver, rats, research support, substance-related disorders, petroleum, animals, inhalation exposure, autopsy, research, exposure

Identifiers

Local EPrints ID: 60383
URI: http://eprints.soton.ac.uk/id/eprint/60383
ISSN: 0021-9665
PURE UUID: d1bf181e-d2e4-427d-ac19-ea7eb09365b0

Catalogue record

Date deposited: 08 Sep 2008
Last modified: 08 Jan 2022 01:14

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Contributors

Author: Richard Walker
Author: Robert J. Flanagan
Author: Martin S. Lennard
Author: Graham A. Mills
Author: Valerie Walker

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