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A double-blind, placebo-controlled, glutamine-supplementation trial in growth-faltering Gambian infants

A double-blind, placebo-controlled, glutamine-supplementation trial in growth-faltering Gambian infants
A double-blind, placebo-controlled, glutamine-supplementation trial in growth-faltering Gambian infants
BACKGROUND: Growth faltering during infancy is a characteristic of life in developing countries. Previous studies have shown that small-intestine mucosal enteropathy, accompanied by endotoxemia and a persistent systemic inflammatory response, accounts for up to 64% of the growth faltering in Gambian infants. OBJECTIVE: The objective was to test whether glutamine, with its putative trophic effects on enterocytes, immune cells, and intestinal integrity, can accelerate the repair of the intestine, lower immunostimulation, and reduce growth faltering. DESIGN: Ninety-three infants aged 4-10 mo from the West Kiang region of The Gambia were studied in a double-blind, double-placebo, controlled trial. Glutamine (0.25 mg/kg body wt) or a placebo that contained an isonitrogenous, isoenergetic mix of nonessential amino acids was orally administered twice daily throughout the 5-mo rainy season. Anthropometric measurements were made monthly during the supplementation period and for 6 mo after supplementation. Intestinal permeability was measured monthly (by determining the ratio of lactulose to mannitol), and finger-prick blood samples were collected for the analysis of plasma proteins on 3 occasions. RESULTS: Gambian infants showed a seasonal deterioration in growth and persistently elevated acute phase protein concentrations and intestinal permeability. Oral supplementation with glutamine did not improve growth (x +/- SE: weight gain, 60 +/- 19 and 69 +/- 20 g/mo; length gain, 1.01 +/- 0.05 and 0.95 +/- 0.03 cm/mo) or intestinal permeability [lactulose:mannitol ratio: 0.29 (95% CI: 0.23, 0.35) and 0.26 (95% CI: 0.21, 0.32)] in the glutamine and placebo groups, respectively. It also had no effect on infant morbidity or on plasma concentrations of immunoglobulins or acute phase proteins. CONCLUSION: Glutamine supplementation failed to improve growth or intestinal status in malnourished Gambian infants
humans, nutrition, child, mannitol, amino acids, blood, glutamine, analysis, therapeutic use, intestinal absorption, dietary supplements, gambia, growth, double-blind method, weight, preschool, protein, weight gain, infant, proteins, body weight, blood proteins, aged, human, acute-phase proteins, metabolism, lactulose, acid, research, plasma, developing countries, placebos, pharmacology, fructose, female
0002-9165
421-427
Williams, E.A.
dd56f4cc-db05-4195-af3b-9883f5dd8405
Elia, M.
964bf436-e623-46d6-bc3f-5dd04c9ef4c1
Lunn, P.G.
9456ddd3-2078-4a8f-87c2-2325a7166a25
Williams, E.A.
dd56f4cc-db05-4195-af3b-9883f5dd8405
Elia, M.
964bf436-e623-46d6-bc3f-5dd04c9ef4c1
Lunn, P.G.
9456ddd3-2078-4a8f-87c2-2325a7166a25

Williams, E.A., Elia, M. and Lunn, P.G. (2007) A double-blind, placebo-controlled, glutamine-supplementation trial in growth-faltering Gambian infants. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 86 (2), 421-427.

Record type: Article

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Growth faltering during infancy is a characteristic of life in developing countries. Previous studies have shown that small-intestine mucosal enteropathy, accompanied by endotoxemia and a persistent systemic inflammatory response, accounts for up to 64% of the growth faltering in Gambian infants. OBJECTIVE: The objective was to test whether glutamine, with its putative trophic effects on enterocytes, immune cells, and intestinal integrity, can accelerate the repair of the intestine, lower immunostimulation, and reduce growth faltering. DESIGN: Ninety-three infants aged 4-10 mo from the West Kiang region of The Gambia were studied in a double-blind, double-placebo, controlled trial. Glutamine (0.25 mg/kg body wt) or a placebo that contained an isonitrogenous, isoenergetic mix of nonessential amino acids was orally administered twice daily throughout the 5-mo rainy season. Anthropometric measurements were made monthly during the supplementation period and for 6 mo after supplementation. Intestinal permeability was measured monthly (by determining the ratio of lactulose to mannitol), and finger-prick blood samples were collected for the analysis of plasma proteins on 3 occasions. RESULTS: Gambian infants showed a seasonal deterioration in growth and persistently elevated acute phase protein concentrations and intestinal permeability. Oral supplementation with glutamine did not improve growth (x +/- SE: weight gain, 60 +/- 19 and 69 +/- 20 g/mo; length gain, 1.01 +/- 0.05 and 0.95 +/- 0.03 cm/mo) or intestinal permeability [lactulose:mannitol ratio: 0.29 (95% CI: 0.23, 0.35) and 0.26 (95% CI: 0.21, 0.32)] in the glutamine and placebo groups, respectively. It also had no effect on infant morbidity or on plasma concentrations of immunoglobulins or acute phase proteins. CONCLUSION: Glutamine supplementation failed to improve growth or intestinal status in malnourished Gambian infants

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More information

Published date: 2007
Keywords: humans, nutrition, child, mannitol, amino acids, blood, glutamine, analysis, therapeutic use, intestinal absorption, dietary supplements, gambia, growth, double-blind method, weight, preschool, protein, weight gain, infant, proteins, body weight, blood proteins, aged, human, acute-phase proteins, metabolism, lactulose, acid, research, plasma, developing countries, placebos, pharmacology, fructose, female

Identifiers

Local EPrints ID: 61611
URI: http://eprints.soton.ac.uk/id/eprint/61611
ISSN: 0002-9165
PURE UUID: cc28d463-2891-4b6c-a3dd-65f1ab8301e1

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Date deposited: 03 Sep 2008
Last modified: 22 Jul 2022 21:15

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Contributors

Author: E.A. Williams
Author: M. Elia
Author: P.G. Lunn

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