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Impact of lower plate structure on upper plate deformation at the NW Sumatran convergent margin from seafloor morphology

Impact of lower plate structure on upper plate deformation at the NW Sumatran convergent margin from seafloor morphology
Impact of lower plate structure on upper plate deformation at the NW Sumatran convergent margin from seafloor morphology
We present results from multibeam bathymetric data acquired during 2005 and 2006, in the region of maximum slip of the 26 Dec. 2004 earthquake (Mw 9.2). These data provide high-resolution images of seafloor morphology of the entire NW Sumatra forearc from the Sunda trench to the submarine volcanic arc just north of Sumatra. A slope gradient analysis of the combined dataset accurately highlights those portions of the seafloor shaped by active tectonic, depositional and/or erosional processes. The greatest slope gradients are located in the frontal 30 km of the forearc, at the toe of the accretionary wedge. This suggests that long-term deformation rates are highest here and that probably only minor amounts of slip are accommodated by other thrust faults further landward. Obvious N–S oriented lineaments observed on the incoming oceanic plate are aligned sub-parallel to the fracture zones associated with the Wharton fossil spreading center. Active strike-slip motion is suggested by recent deformation with up to 20–30 m of vertical offset. The intersection of these N–S elongated bathymetric scarps with the accretionary wedge partly controls the geometry of thrust anticlines and the location of erosional features (e.g. slide scars, canyons) at the wedge toe. Our interpretation suggests that these N–S lineaments have a significant impact on the oceanic plate, the toe of the wedge and further landward in the wedge. Finally, the bathymetric data indicate that folding at the front of the accretionary wedge occurs primarily along landward-vergent (seaward-dipping) thrusts, an unusual style in accretionary wedges worldwide. The N–S elongated lineaments locally act as boundaries between zones with predominant seaward versus landward vergence.

subduction, accretionary wedge, seafloor morphology, tectonic, sumatra
0012-821X
201-210
Graindorge, David
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Klingelhoefer, Frauke
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Sibuet, Jean-Claude
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McNeill, Lisa
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Henstock, Timothy J.
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Dean, Simon
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Gutscher, Marc-André
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Dessa, Jean Xaver
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Permana, Haryadi
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Singh, Satish C.
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Leau, Hélène
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White, Nicolas
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Carton, Hélène
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Malod, Jacques André
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Rangin, Claude
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Aryawan, Ketut G.
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Chaubey, Anil Kumar
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Chauhan, Ajay
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Galih, Dodi R.
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Greenroyd, Christopher James
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Laesanpura, Agus
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Prihantono, Joko
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Royle, Gillian
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Shankar, Uma
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Graindorge, David
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Klingelhoefer, Frauke
14cc1439-846e-489c-94d6-8d1162f0d436
Sibuet, Jean-Claude
51a674a4-3a2c-41a0-9120-cf3ea7df3fb9
McNeill, Lisa
1fe6a1e0-ca1a-4b6f-8469-309d0f9de0cf
Henstock, Timothy J.
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Dean, Simon
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Gutscher, Marc-André
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Dessa, Jean Xaver
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Permana, Haryadi
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Singh, Satish C.
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Leau, Hélène
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White, Nicolas
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Carton, Hélène
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Malod, Jacques André
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Rangin, Claude
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Aryawan, Ketut G.
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Chaubey, Anil Kumar
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Chauhan, Ajay
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Galih, Dodi R.
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Greenroyd, Christopher James
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Laesanpura, Agus
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Prihantono, Joko
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Royle, Gillian
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Shankar, Uma
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Graindorge, David, Klingelhoefer, Frauke, Sibuet, Jean-Claude, McNeill, Lisa, Henstock, Timothy J., Dean, Simon, Gutscher, Marc-André, Dessa, Jean Xaver, Permana, Haryadi, Singh, Satish C., Leau, Hélène, White, Nicolas, Carton, Hélène, Malod, Jacques André, Rangin, Claude, Aryawan, Ketut G., Chaubey, Anil Kumar, Chauhan, Ajay, Galih, Dodi R., Greenroyd, Christopher James, Laesanpura, Agus, Prihantono, Joko, Royle, Gillian and Shankar, Uma (2008) Impact of lower plate structure on upper plate deformation at the NW Sumatran convergent margin from seafloor morphology. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 275 (3-4), 201-210. (doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2008.04.053).

Record type: Article

Abstract

We present results from multibeam bathymetric data acquired during 2005 and 2006, in the region of maximum slip of the 26 Dec. 2004 earthquake (Mw 9.2). These data provide high-resolution images of seafloor morphology of the entire NW Sumatra forearc from the Sunda trench to the submarine volcanic arc just north of Sumatra. A slope gradient analysis of the combined dataset accurately highlights those portions of the seafloor shaped by active tectonic, depositional and/or erosional processes. The greatest slope gradients are located in the frontal 30 km of the forearc, at the toe of the accretionary wedge. This suggests that long-term deformation rates are highest here and that probably only minor amounts of slip are accommodated by other thrust faults further landward. Obvious N–S oriented lineaments observed on the incoming oceanic plate are aligned sub-parallel to the fracture zones associated with the Wharton fossil spreading center. Active strike-slip motion is suggested by recent deformation with up to 20–30 m of vertical offset. The intersection of these N–S elongated bathymetric scarps with the accretionary wedge partly controls the geometry of thrust anticlines and the location of erosional features (e.g. slide scars, canyons) at the wedge toe. Our interpretation suggests that these N–S lineaments have a significant impact on the oceanic plate, the toe of the wedge and further landward in the wedge. Finally, the bathymetric data indicate that folding at the front of the accretionary wedge occurs primarily along landward-vergent (seaward-dipping) thrusts, an unusual style in accretionary wedges worldwide. The N–S elongated lineaments locally act as boundaries between zones with predominant seaward versus landward vergence.

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More information

Published date: 15 November 2008
Keywords: subduction, accretionary wedge, seafloor morphology, tectonic, sumatra

Identifiers

Local EPrints ID: 65028
URI: http://eprints.soton.ac.uk/id/eprint/65028
ISSN: 0012-821X
PURE UUID: aaf8b11b-55eb-453a-95c9-30c59c68e8e1
ORCID for Lisa McNeill: ORCID iD orcid.org/0000-0002-8689-5882
ORCID for Timothy J. Henstock: ORCID iD orcid.org/0000-0002-2132-2514

Catalogue record

Date deposited: 27 Jan 2009
Last modified: 16 Mar 2024 03:20

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Contributors

Author: David Graindorge
Author: Frauke Klingelhoefer
Author: Jean-Claude Sibuet
Author: Lisa McNeill ORCID iD
Author: Simon Dean
Author: Marc-André Gutscher
Author: Jean Xaver Dessa
Author: Haryadi Permana
Author: Satish C. Singh
Author: Hélène Leau
Author: Nicolas White
Author: Hélène Carton
Author: Jacques André Malod
Author: Claude Rangin
Author: Ketut G. Aryawan
Author: Anil Kumar Chaubey
Author: Ajay Chauhan
Author: Dodi R. Galih
Author: Christopher James Greenroyd
Author: Agus Laesanpura
Author: Joko Prihantono
Author: Gillian Royle
Author: Uma Shankar

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