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Science and practice of salmonid spawning habitat remediation

Science and practice of salmonid spawning habitat remediation
Science and practice of salmonid spawning habitat remediation
Salmon and trout are evocative symbols of natural river ecosystems. Despite their symbolic (and economic) importance for humans, especially in the case of anadromous salmon and trout, we have inflicted great losses in their numbers and distribution. Within Europe, the Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) is currently extinct in four countries – Germany, Belgium, the Netherlands and Switzerland – and populations are close to extinction in another six – Spain, France, Portugal, Denmark, Finland and the Baltic states. Only Scotland, Norway, Iceland and Ireland have comparatively healthy populations, although figures suggest that even there salmon numbers are significantly depleted when compared to historical densities (WWF 2001; Youngson et al. 2002; Montgomery 2003). Within North America, current figures indicate that 84% of Atlantic salmon populations are now extinct, with the remaining populations in a critical condition (WWF 2001). In Canada, the picture is less severe, although only 8% of populations have recently been classified as healthy. Figures for Pacific salmon (Oncorhynchus spp.) indicate that populations have also declined, and 17 Pacific salmon runs are now extinct, with a further 214 runs at risk of extinction or of special concern (Nehlsen et al. 1991; Huntington et al. 1996; Shea and Mangel 2001). Alaska remains the primary natural haven in North America where one can observe Pacific salmon populations in a more or less pristine state, although even here returning salmon numbers are affected by fisheries harvest. Unfortunately, declining salmon numbers are not a recent phenomenon and historical accounts reveal a tortuous path of decline that traces human influence over riverine landscapes (Montgomery 2003). For some, the future for many salmon and trout populations can appear bleak (Lackey et al. 2006).
salmon, science, habitat, restoration
1934874035
65
1-13
American Fisheries Society
Sear, David A.
ccd892ab-a93d-4073-a11c-b8bca42ecfd3
DeVries, Paul
776fc56c-290e-48a7-a8a9-4280bea22ad0
Greig, Stuart M.
fe643e7c-97f3-443f-bdc2-a36c8632dec9
Sear, David A.
DeVries, Paul
Sear, David A.
ccd892ab-a93d-4073-a11c-b8bca42ecfd3
DeVries, Paul
776fc56c-290e-48a7-a8a9-4280bea22ad0
Greig, Stuart M.
fe643e7c-97f3-443f-bdc2-a36c8632dec9
Sear, David A.
DeVries, Paul

Sear, David A., DeVries, Paul and Greig, Stuart M. (2008) Science and practice of salmonid spawning habitat remediation. In, Sear, David A. and DeVries, Paul (eds.) Salmonid Spawning Habitat in Rivers: Physical Controls, Biological Responses, and Approaches to Remediation. (Symposium, 65) Bethesda, USA. American Fisheries Society, pp. 1-13.

Record type: Book Section

Abstract

Salmon and trout are evocative symbols of natural river ecosystems. Despite their symbolic (and economic) importance for humans, especially in the case of anadromous salmon and trout, we have inflicted great losses in their numbers and distribution. Within Europe, the Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) is currently extinct in four countries – Germany, Belgium, the Netherlands and Switzerland – and populations are close to extinction in another six – Spain, France, Portugal, Denmark, Finland and the Baltic states. Only Scotland, Norway, Iceland and Ireland have comparatively healthy populations, although figures suggest that even there salmon numbers are significantly depleted when compared to historical densities (WWF 2001; Youngson et al. 2002; Montgomery 2003). Within North America, current figures indicate that 84% of Atlantic salmon populations are now extinct, with the remaining populations in a critical condition (WWF 2001). In Canada, the picture is less severe, although only 8% of populations have recently been classified as healthy. Figures for Pacific salmon (Oncorhynchus spp.) indicate that populations have also declined, and 17 Pacific salmon runs are now extinct, with a further 214 runs at risk of extinction or of special concern (Nehlsen et al. 1991; Huntington et al. 1996; Shea and Mangel 2001). Alaska remains the primary natural haven in North America where one can observe Pacific salmon populations in a more or less pristine state, although even here returning salmon numbers are affected by fisheries harvest. Unfortunately, declining salmon numbers are not a recent phenomenon and historical accounts reveal a tortuous path of decline that traces human influence over riverine landscapes (Montgomery 2003). For some, the future for many salmon and trout populations can appear bleak (Lackey et al. 2006).

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More information

Published date: October 2008
Keywords: salmon, science, habitat, restoration

Identifiers

Local EPrints ID: 66702
URI: http://eprints.soton.ac.uk/id/eprint/66702
ISBN: 1934874035
PURE UUID: a464bb2b-7fb3-406b-8f8d-9eee2932f9b1
ORCID for David A. Sear: ORCID iD orcid.org/0000-0003-0191-6179

Catalogue record

Date deposited: 13 Jul 2009
Last modified: 23 Jul 2022 01:37

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Contributors

Author: David A. Sear ORCID iD
Author: Paul DeVries
Author: Stuart M. Greig
Editor: David A. Sear
Editor: Paul DeVries

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