Microglial physiology: unique stimuli, specialized responses
Microglial physiology: unique stimuli, specialized responses
Microglia, the macrophages of the central nervous system parenchyma, have in the normal healthy brain a distinct phenotype induced by molecules expressed on or secreted by adjacent neurons and astrocytes, and this phenotype is maintained in part by virtue of the blood-brain barrier's exclusion of serum components. Microglia are continually active, their processes palpating and surveying their local microenvironment. The microglia rapidly change their phenotype in response to any disturbance of nervous system homeostasis and are commonly referred to as activated on the basis of the changes in their morphology or expression of cell surface antigens. A wealth of data now demonstrate that the microglia have very diverse effector functions, in line with macrophage populations in other organs. The term activated microglia needs to be qualified to reflect the distinct and very different states of activation-associated effector functions in different disease states. Manipulating the effector functions of microglia has the potential to modify the outcome of diverse neurological diseases.
microglia, macrophage, inflammation, neurodegenerative disease, brain cytology, activation, regulation, central nervous system.
119-145
Ransohoff, Richard M.
d65ef642-2cfe-4ce5-871c-153362fb7b9e
Perry, V.Hugh
8f29d36a-8e1f-4082-8700-09483bbaeae4
3 December 2008
Ransohoff, Richard M.
d65ef642-2cfe-4ce5-871c-153362fb7b9e
Perry, V.Hugh
8f29d36a-8e1f-4082-8700-09483bbaeae4
Abstract
Microglia, the macrophages of the central nervous system parenchyma, have in the normal healthy brain a distinct phenotype induced by molecules expressed on or secreted by adjacent neurons and astrocytes, and this phenotype is maintained in part by virtue of the blood-brain barrier's exclusion of serum components. Microglia are continually active, their processes palpating and surveying their local microenvironment. The microglia rapidly change their phenotype in response to any disturbance of nervous system homeostasis and are commonly referred to as activated on the basis of the changes in their morphology or expression of cell surface antigens. A wealth of data now demonstrate that the microglia have very diverse effector functions, in line with macrophage populations in other organs. The term activated microglia needs to be qualified to reflect the distinct and very different states of activation-associated effector functions in different disease states. Manipulating the effector functions of microglia has the potential to modify the outcome of diverse neurological diseases.
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Published date: 3 December 2008
Keywords:
microglia, macrophage, inflammation, neurodegenerative disease, brain cytology, activation, regulation, central nervous system.
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Local EPrints ID: 67555
URI: http://eprints.soton.ac.uk/id/eprint/67555
ISSN: 0732-0582
PURE UUID: a3aa877e-59ff-40f6-92b7-89dcb7d35653
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Date deposited: 24 Aug 2009
Last modified: 13 Mar 2024 18:54
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Author:
Richard M. Ransohoff
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