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Size at birth, weight gain in infancy and childhood, and adult blood pressure in 5 low- and middle-income-country cohorts: when does weight gain matter?

Size at birth, weight gain in infancy and childhood, and adult blood pressure in 5 low- and middle-income-country cohorts: when does weight gain matter?
Size at birth, weight gain in infancy and childhood, and adult blood pressure in 5 low- and middle-income-country cohorts: when does weight gain matter?
Background: Promoting catch-up growth in malnourished children has health benefits, but recent evidence suggests that accelerated child weight gain increases adult chronic disease risk.
Objective: We aimed to determine how birth weight (BW) and weight gain to midchildhood relate to blood pressure (BP) in young adults.
Design: We pooled data from birth cohorts in Brazil, Guatemala, India, the Philippines, and South Africa. We used conditional weight (CW), a residual of current weight regressed on prior weights, to represent deviations from expected weight gain from 0 to 12, 12 to 24, 24 to 48 mo, and 48 mo to adulthood. Adult BP and risk of prehypertension or hypertension (P/HTN) were modeled before and after adjustment for adult body mass index (BMI) and height. Interactions of CWs with small size-for-gestational age (SGA) at birth were tested.
Results: Higher CWs were associated with increased BP and odds of P/HTN, with coefficients proportional to the contribution of each CW to adult BMI. Adjusted for adult height and BMI, no child CW was associated with adult BP, but 1 SD of BW was related to a 0.5-mm Hg lower systolic BP and a 9% lower odds of P/HTN. BW and CW associations with systolic BP and P/HTN were not different between adults born SGA and those with normal BW, but higher CW at 48 mo was associated with higher diastolic BP in those born SGA.
Conclusions: Greater weight gain at any age relates to elevated adult BP, but faster weight gains in infancy and young childhood do not pose a higher risk than do gains at other ages.
0002-9165
1383-1392
Adair, Linda S.
cbc191bc-8c0f-468f-99be-394f8930392d
Martorell, Reynaldo
d120786d-e651-446d-a96a-d175de202d5b
Stein, Aryeh D.
5ee08d0c-2313-4d74-bfcf-49e9bfabc36d
Hallal, Pedro C.
be091630-af72-4723-8ac5-1653e2fd4086
Sachdev, Harshpal S.
86c675fa-f58e-4a76-bf55-0972435519ab
Prabhakaran, Dorairaj
e994435e-230b-454a-9f31-32b12aff0cc3
Wills, Andrew
c6be5d44-5bdb-48f7-be45-94c9945be37f
Norris, Shane A.
1d346f1b-6d5f-4bca-ac87-7589851b75a4
Dahly, Darren L.
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Lee, Nanette R.
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Victora, Cesar G.
14b4c4b5-c082-4ee8-9c07-4e575af03ebf
Adair, Linda S.
cbc191bc-8c0f-468f-99be-394f8930392d
Martorell, Reynaldo
d120786d-e651-446d-a96a-d175de202d5b
Stein, Aryeh D.
5ee08d0c-2313-4d74-bfcf-49e9bfabc36d
Hallal, Pedro C.
be091630-af72-4723-8ac5-1653e2fd4086
Sachdev, Harshpal S.
86c675fa-f58e-4a76-bf55-0972435519ab
Prabhakaran, Dorairaj
e994435e-230b-454a-9f31-32b12aff0cc3
Wills, Andrew
c6be5d44-5bdb-48f7-be45-94c9945be37f
Norris, Shane A.
1d346f1b-6d5f-4bca-ac87-7589851b75a4
Dahly, Darren L.
198287fe-09cf-409f-9225-e5f69d307800
Lee, Nanette R.
9886b407-ae63-4c62-a948-0e55cd2a7fa6
Victora, Cesar G.
14b4c4b5-c082-4ee8-9c07-4e575af03ebf

Adair, Linda S., Martorell, Reynaldo, Stein, Aryeh D., Hallal, Pedro C., Sachdev, Harshpal S., Prabhakaran, Dorairaj, Wills, Andrew, Norris, Shane A., Dahly, Darren L., Lee, Nanette R. and Victora, Cesar G. (2009) Size at birth, weight gain in infancy and childhood, and adult blood pressure in 5 low- and middle-income-country cohorts: when does weight gain matter? American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 89 (5), 1383-1392. (doi:10.3945/ajcn.2008.27139).

Record type: Article

Abstract

Background: Promoting catch-up growth in malnourished children has health benefits, but recent evidence suggests that accelerated child weight gain increases adult chronic disease risk.
Objective: We aimed to determine how birth weight (BW) and weight gain to midchildhood relate to blood pressure (BP) in young adults.
Design: We pooled data from birth cohorts in Brazil, Guatemala, India, the Philippines, and South Africa. We used conditional weight (CW), a residual of current weight regressed on prior weights, to represent deviations from expected weight gain from 0 to 12, 12 to 24, 24 to 48 mo, and 48 mo to adulthood. Adult BP and risk of prehypertension or hypertension (P/HTN) were modeled before and after adjustment for adult body mass index (BMI) and height. Interactions of CWs with small size-for-gestational age (SGA) at birth were tested.
Results: Higher CWs were associated with increased BP and odds of P/HTN, with coefficients proportional to the contribution of each CW to adult BMI. Adjusted for adult height and BMI, no child CW was associated with adult BP, but 1 SD of BW was related to a 0.5-mm Hg lower systolic BP and a 9% lower odds of P/HTN. BW and CW associations with systolic BP and P/HTN were not different between adults born SGA and those with normal BW, but higher CW at 48 mo was associated with higher diastolic BP in those born SGA.
Conclusions: Greater weight gain at any age relates to elevated adult BP, but faster weight gains in infancy and young childhood do not pose a higher risk than do gains at other ages.

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Published date: May 2009

Identifiers

Local EPrints ID: 69782
URI: http://eprints.soton.ac.uk/id/eprint/69782
ISSN: 0002-9165
PURE UUID: df0ecd6f-e051-408a-a0d4-42cdaef57a60
ORCID for Shane A. Norris: ORCID iD orcid.org/0000-0001-7124-3788

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Date deposited: 03 Dec 2009
Last modified: 14 Mar 2024 03:15

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Contributors

Author: Linda S. Adair
Author: Reynaldo Martorell
Author: Aryeh D. Stein
Author: Pedro C. Hallal
Author: Harshpal S. Sachdev
Author: Dorairaj Prabhakaran
Author: Andrew Wills
Author: Shane A. Norris ORCID iD
Author: Darren L. Dahly
Author: Nanette R. Lee
Author: Cesar G. Victora

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