Lymphatic drainage of the brain and the pathophysiology of neurological disease
Lymphatic drainage of the brain and the pathophysiology of neurological disease
There are no conventional lymphatics in the brain but physiological studies have revealed a substantial and immunologically significant lymphatic drainage from brain to cervical lymph nodes. Cerebrospinal fluid drains via the cribriform plate and nasal mucosa to cervical lymph nodes in rats and sheep and to a lesser extent in humans. More significant for a range of human neurological disorders is the lymphatic drainage of interstitial fluid (ISF) and solutes from brain parenchyma along capillary and artery walls. Tracers injected into grey matter, drain out of the brain along basement membranes in the walls of capillaries and cerebral arteries. Lymphatic drainage of antigens from the brain by this route may play a significant role in the immune response in virus infections, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis and multiple sclerosis. Neither antigen-presenting cells nor lymphocytes drain to lymph nodes by the perivascular route and this may be a factor in immunological privilege of the brain. Vessel pulsations appear to be the driving force for the lymphatic drainage along artery walls, and as vessels stiffen with age, amyloid peptides deposit in the drainage pathways as cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA). Blockage of lymphatic drainage of ISF and solutes from the brain by CAA may result in loss of homeostasis of the neuronal environment that may contribute to neuronal malfunction and dementia. Facilitating perivascular lymphatic drainage of amyloid-beta (Abeta) in the elderly may prevent the accumulation of Abeta in the brain, maintain homeostasis and provide a therapeutic strategy to help avert cognitive decline in Alzheimer's disease
biological, humans, arteries, cerebral arteries, animals, cerebrospinal fluid, basement membrane, dementia, brain, extracellular fluid, disease, capillaries, nervous system diseases, metabolism, lymphatic system, rats, physiopathology, models, cerebral amyloid angiopathy, lymph
1-14
Weller, Roy O.
4a501831-e38a-4d39-a125-d7141d6c667b
Djuanda, Effie.
37efab0b-35d4-405b-ac31-49272e422486
Yow, Hong-Yeen
c7af1bbc-34ef-44ef-84eb-fca59dd845ab
Carare, Roxana O.
0478c197-b0c1-4206-acae-54e88c8f21fa
January 2009
Weller, Roy O.
4a501831-e38a-4d39-a125-d7141d6c667b
Djuanda, Effie.
37efab0b-35d4-405b-ac31-49272e422486
Yow, Hong-Yeen
c7af1bbc-34ef-44ef-84eb-fca59dd845ab
Carare, Roxana O.
0478c197-b0c1-4206-acae-54e88c8f21fa
Weller, Roy O., Djuanda, Effie., Yow, Hong-Yeen and Carare, Roxana O.
(2009)
Lymphatic drainage of the brain and the pathophysiology of neurological disease.
Acta Neuropathologica, 117 (1), .
(doi:10.1007/s00401-008-0457-0).
Abstract
There are no conventional lymphatics in the brain but physiological studies have revealed a substantial and immunologically significant lymphatic drainage from brain to cervical lymph nodes. Cerebrospinal fluid drains via the cribriform plate and nasal mucosa to cervical lymph nodes in rats and sheep and to a lesser extent in humans. More significant for a range of human neurological disorders is the lymphatic drainage of interstitial fluid (ISF) and solutes from brain parenchyma along capillary and artery walls. Tracers injected into grey matter, drain out of the brain along basement membranes in the walls of capillaries and cerebral arteries. Lymphatic drainage of antigens from the brain by this route may play a significant role in the immune response in virus infections, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis and multiple sclerosis. Neither antigen-presenting cells nor lymphocytes drain to lymph nodes by the perivascular route and this may be a factor in immunological privilege of the brain. Vessel pulsations appear to be the driving force for the lymphatic drainage along artery walls, and as vessels stiffen with age, amyloid peptides deposit in the drainage pathways as cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA). Blockage of lymphatic drainage of ISF and solutes from the brain by CAA may result in loss of homeostasis of the neuronal environment that may contribute to neuronal malfunction and dementia. Facilitating perivascular lymphatic drainage of amyloid-beta (Abeta) in the elderly may prevent the accumulation of Abeta in the brain, maintain homeostasis and provide a therapeutic strategy to help avert cognitive decline in Alzheimer's disease
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Published date: January 2009
Keywords:
biological, humans, arteries, cerebral arteries, animals, cerebrospinal fluid, basement membrane, dementia, brain, extracellular fluid, disease, capillaries, nervous system diseases, metabolism, lymphatic system, rats, physiopathology, models, cerebral amyloid angiopathy, lymph
Identifiers
Local EPrints ID: 70260
URI: http://eprints.soton.ac.uk/id/eprint/70260
ISSN: 0001-6322
PURE UUID: 7ae1abff-1cc5-44bb-a172-83ccec90d795
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Date deposited: 27 Jan 2010
Last modified: 14 Mar 2024 02:42
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Author:
Roy O. Weller
Author:
Effie. Djuanda
Author:
Hong-Yeen Yow
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