Fasting glucose, diagnosis of type 2 diabetes, and depression: The Vietnam Experience Study.
Fasting glucose, diagnosis of type 2 diabetes, and depression: The Vietnam Experience Study.
Background: recent findings suggest that both low and very high fasting blood glucose concentrations may be linked with depression, though whether type 2 diabetes is associated with depression may depend on awareness of the diagnosis. We explored the association between fasting glucose and type 2 diabetes (undiagnosed and diagnosed) and depression in middle-aged men.
Methods: participants were 4293 US veterans who underwent an examination during which fasting blood glucose was measured, major depression diagnosed using DSM-III criteria, and depressive symptoms assessed with Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) clinical scale for depression.
Results: compared with those with normal fasting glucose, men with undiagnosed type 2 diabetes had nearly double the odds of major depression, odds ratio (95% confidence interval) 1.80 (1.01, 3.22), and men with diagnosed diabetes had triple the odds of major depression, 3.82 (1.68, 8.70), after adjustment for confounding variables. Men with undiagnosed or diagnosed diabetes had higher MMPI depression scores. There was no curvilinear association between fasting glucose and depression (p > .45).
Conclusions: these findings do not support a U-shaped association between fasting glucose and depression. They suggest that the positive association between type 2 diabetes and depression extends beyond those who are aware they have the disease
depressive symptoms, diagnosis, fasting glucose, major depression, type 2 diabetes
189-192
Gale, Catherine R.
5bb2abb3-7b53-42d6-8aa7-817e193140c8
Kivimaki, Mika
be7a46cc-c9fe-48f5-b998-886f6dfba451
Lawlor, Debbie A.
799826df-f115-4fb7-83ea-53c246c220d4
Carroll, Douglas
713a28c3-4e36-4dd8-aabe-1b5e93de8045
Phillips, Anna C.
d007c34d-e3b8-4a33-9608-841383e54e47
Batty, G. David
605ce199-493d-4238-b9c8-a2c076672e83
January 2010
Gale, Catherine R.
5bb2abb3-7b53-42d6-8aa7-817e193140c8
Kivimaki, Mika
be7a46cc-c9fe-48f5-b998-886f6dfba451
Lawlor, Debbie A.
799826df-f115-4fb7-83ea-53c246c220d4
Carroll, Douglas
713a28c3-4e36-4dd8-aabe-1b5e93de8045
Phillips, Anna C.
d007c34d-e3b8-4a33-9608-841383e54e47
Batty, G. David
605ce199-493d-4238-b9c8-a2c076672e83
Gale, Catherine R., Kivimaki, Mika, Lawlor, Debbie A., Carroll, Douglas, Phillips, Anna C. and Batty, G. David
(2010)
Fasting glucose, diagnosis of type 2 diabetes, and depression: The Vietnam Experience Study.
Biological Psychiatry, 67 (2), .
(doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2009.09.019).
Abstract
Background: recent findings suggest that both low and very high fasting blood glucose concentrations may be linked with depression, though whether type 2 diabetes is associated with depression may depend on awareness of the diagnosis. We explored the association between fasting glucose and type 2 diabetes (undiagnosed and diagnosed) and depression in middle-aged men.
Methods: participants were 4293 US veterans who underwent an examination during which fasting blood glucose was measured, major depression diagnosed using DSM-III criteria, and depressive symptoms assessed with Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) clinical scale for depression.
Results: compared with those with normal fasting glucose, men with undiagnosed type 2 diabetes had nearly double the odds of major depression, odds ratio (95% confidence interval) 1.80 (1.01, 3.22), and men with diagnosed diabetes had triple the odds of major depression, 3.82 (1.68, 8.70), after adjustment for confounding variables. Men with undiagnosed or diagnosed diabetes had higher MMPI depression scores. There was no curvilinear association between fasting glucose and depression (p > .45).
Conclusions: these findings do not support a U-shaped association between fasting glucose and depression. They suggest that the positive association between type 2 diabetes and depression extends beyond those who are aware they have the disease
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Published date: January 2010
Keywords:
depressive symptoms, diagnosis, fasting glucose, major depression, type 2 diabetes
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Local EPrints ID: 72095
URI: http://eprints.soton.ac.uk/id/eprint/72095
ISSN: 0006-3223
PURE UUID: 64885d0d-7452-4167-bdd4-6ccfbb7c50c4
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Date deposited: 21 Jan 2010
Last modified: 14 Mar 2024 02:38
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Contributors
Author:
Mika Kivimaki
Author:
Debbie A. Lawlor
Author:
Douglas Carroll
Author:
Anna C. Phillips
Author:
G. David Batty
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