The relationship between depression and diabetes mellitus: findings from the Hertfordshire Cohort Study.
The relationship between depression and diabetes mellitus: findings from the Hertfordshire Cohort Study.
Aims: to assess the relationship between depression scores and diabetes, glucose and insulin in a cross-sectional populationbased
study.
Methods: one thousand, five hundred and seventy-nine men and 1418 women from the Hertfordshire Cohort Study were
assessed for diabetes. Plasma glucose and insulin concentrations were measured at 0, 30and 120 min during a standard 75-goral
glucose tolerance test. Depressive and anxiety symptoms were measured using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale
(HADS).
Results: overall, 431 (14.6%)were diagnosed with diabetes [232 men (14.9%) and 199 women (14.3%)]. One hundred and
eight (47%) men and 74 (37%) women had known diabetes. The remainder were previously undiagnosed. Fifty-nine (3.7%)
men and 65 (4.6%) women had possible depression (HAD-D scores 8–10) and 17 (1.1%) men and 20 (1.4%) women had
probable depression (HAD-D scores ‡ 11). Probable depression was associatedwith an adjusted odds ratio for diabetes of 3.89
[95% confidence interval (CI) 1.28–11.88] in men and 1.51 (95% CI 0.47–4.84) in women. In men without previously
diagnosed diabetes, fasting insulin (P = 0.035), 2-h glucose concentrations (P = 0.028) and insulin resistance (P = 0.032)were
significantly associated with HAD-D scores. With the exception of 2-h glucose concentrations (P = 0.034), the associations
were not significant in women.
Conclusions: these data support the hypothesis that depression may increase the risk for diabetes. The relationship between
depression score and metabolic variables extends across thewhole population and is not confined to thosewith either diagnosed
depression or diabetes. This relationship should lead clinicians to consider screening for diabetes in those with depression and
vice versa.
depression, diabetes, diagnosis, epidemiology, population studies
641-648
Holt, R.I.G.
d54202e1-fcf6-4a17-a320-9f32d7024393
Phillips, D.I.W.
29b73be7-2ff9-4fff-ae42-d59842df4cc6
Jameson, K.A.
d5fb142d-06af-456e-9016-17497f94e9f2
Cooper, C.
e05f5612-b493-4273-9b71-9e0ce32bdad6
Dennison, E.M.
ee647287-edb4-4392-8361-e59fd505b1d1
Peveler, R.C.
93198224-78d9-4c1f-9c07-fdecfa69cf96
The Hertfordshire Cohort Study Group
June 2009
Holt, R.I.G.
d54202e1-fcf6-4a17-a320-9f32d7024393
Phillips, D.I.W.
29b73be7-2ff9-4fff-ae42-d59842df4cc6
Jameson, K.A.
d5fb142d-06af-456e-9016-17497f94e9f2
Cooper, C.
e05f5612-b493-4273-9b71-9e0ce32bdad6
Dennison, E.M.
ee647287-edb4-4392-8361-e59fd505b1d1
Peveler, R.C.
93198224-78d9-4c1f-9c07-fdecfa69cf96
Holt, R.I.G., Phillips, D.I.W., Jameson, K.A., Cooper, C., Dennison, E.M. and Peveler, R.C.
,
The Hertfordshire Cohort Study Group
(2009)
The relationship between depression and diabetes mellitus: findings from the Hertfordshire Cohort Study.
Diabetic Medicine, 26 (6), .
(doi:10.1111/j.1464-5491.2009.02742.x).
Abstract
Aims: to assess the relationship between depression scores and diabetes, glucose and insulin in a cross-sectional populationbased
study.
Methods: one thousand, five hundred and seventy-nine men and 1418 women from the Hertfordshire Cohort Study were
assessed for diabetes. Plasma glucose and insulin concentrations were measured at 0, 30and 120 min during a standard 75-goral
glucose tolerance test. Depressive and anxiety symptoms were measured using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale
(HADS).
Results: overall, 431 (14.6%)were diagnosed with diabetes [232 men (14.9%) and 199 women (14.3%)]. One hundred and
eight (47%) men and 74 (37%) women had known diabetes. The remainder were previously undiagnosed. Fifty-nine (3.7%)
men and 65 (4.6%) women had possible depression (HAD-D scores 8–10) and 17 (1.1%) men and 20 (1.4%) women had
probable depression (HAD-D scores ‡ 11). Probable depression was associatedwith an adjusted odds ratio for diabetes of 3.89
[95% confidence interval (CI) 1.28–11.88] in men and 1.51 (95% CI 0.47–4.84) in women. In men without previously
diagnosed diabetes, fasting insulin (P = 0.035), 2-h glucose concentrations (P = 0.028) and insulin resistance (P = 0.032)were
significantly associated with HAD-D scores. With the exception of 2-h glucose concentrations (P = 0.034), the associations
were not significant in women.
Conclusions: these data support the hypothesis that depression may increase the risk for diabetes. The relationship between
depression score and metabolic variables extends across thewhole population and is not confined to thosewith either diagnosed
depression or diabetes. This relationship should lead clinicians to consider screening for diabetes in those with depression and
vice versa.
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More information
Published date: June 2009
Keywords:
depression, diabetes, diagnosis, epidemiology, population studies
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Local EPrints ID: 72423
URI: http://eprints.soton.ac.uk/id/eprint/72423
ISSN: 0742-3071
PURE UUID: c8ecb692-a570-43ff-a5ce-f9118026dbc2
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Date deposited: 12 Feb 2010
Last modified: 18 Mar 2024 02:53
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Author:
D.I.W. Phillips
Corporate Author: The Hertfordshire Cohort Study Group
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