Epigenetic mechanisms that underpin metabolic and cardiovascular diseases
Epigenetic mechanisms that underpin metabolic and cardiovascular diseases
Cellular commitment to a specific lineage is controlled by differential silencing of genes, which in turn depends on epigenetic processes such as DNA methylation and histone modification. During early embryogenesis, the mammalian genome is 'wiped clean' of most epigenetic modifications, which are progressively re-established during embryonic development. Thus, the epigenome of each mature cellular lineage carries the record of its developmental history. The subsequent trajectory and pattern of development are also responsive to environmental influences, and such plasticity is likely to have an epigenetic basis. Epigenetic marks may be transmitted across generations, either directly by persisting through meiosis or indirectly through replication in the next generation of the conditions in which the epigenetic change occurred. Developmental plasticity evolved to match an organism to its environment, and a mismatch between the phenotypic outcome of adaptive plasticity and the current environment increases the risk of metabolic and cardiovascular disease. These considerations point to epigenetic processes as a key mechanism that underpins the developmental origins of chronic noncommunicable disease. Here, we review the evidence that environmental influences during mammalian development lead to stable changes in the epigenome that alter the individual's susceptibility to chronic metabolic and cardiovascular disease, and discuss the clinical implications
401-408
Gluckman, Peter D.
ef2e8b92-0b76-4a12-bd7c-01b0674f94d3
Hanson, Mark A.
1952fad1-abc7-4284-a0bc-a7eb31f70a3f
Buklijas, Tatjana
48678d9e-50f7-4914-ab40-f8bb164179be
Low, Felicia M.
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Beedle, Alan S.
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July 2009
Gluckman, Peter D.
ef2e8b92-0b76-4a12-bd7c-01b0674f94d3
Hanson, Mark A.
1952fad1-abc7-4284-a0bc-a7eb31f70a3f
Buklijas, Tatjana
48678d9e-50f7-4914-ab40-f8bb164179be
Low, Felicia M.
0f67b4e9-9879-4227-b9e3-10af72a26dc0
Beedle, Alan S.
eab82133-3184-4952-9a1b-b93251840ad9
Gluckman, Peter D., Hanson, Mark A., Buklijas, Tatjana, Low, Felicia M. and Beedle, Alan S.
(2009)
Epigenetic mechanisms that underpin metabolic and cardiovascular diseases.
Nature Reviews Endocrinology, 5 (7), .
(doi:10.1038/nrendo.2009.102).
Abstract
Cellular commitment to a specific lineage is controlled by differential silencing of genes, which in turn depends on epigenetic processes such as DNA methylation and histone modification. During early embryogenesis, the mammalian genome is 'wiped clean' of most epigenetic modifications, which are progressively re-established during embryonic development. Thus, the epigenome of each mature cellular lineage carries the record of its developmental history. The subsequent trajectory and pattern of development are also responsive to environmental influences, and such plasticity is likely to have an epigenetic basis. Epigenetic marks may be transmitted across generations, either directly by persisting through meiosis or indirectly through replication in the next generation of the conditions in which the epigenetic change occurred. Developmental plasticity evolved to match an organism to its environment, and a mismatch between the phenotypic outcome of adaptive plasticity and the current environment increases the risk of metabolic and cardiovascular disease. These considerations point to epigenetic processes as a key mechanism that underpins the developmental origins of chronic noncommunicable disease. Here, we review the evidence that environmental influences during mammalian development lead to stable changes in the epigenome that alter the individual's susceptibility to chronic metabolic and cardiovascular disease, and discuss the clinical implications
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Published date: July 2009
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Local EPrints ID: 72727
URI: http://eprints.soton.ac.uk/id/eprint/72727
ISSN: 1759-5029
PURE UUID: f3be8110-f21b-42a6-91de-7c749c885246
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Date deposited: 22 Feb 2010
Last modified: 14 Mar 2024 02:44
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Author:
Peter D. Gluckman
Author:
Tatjana Buklijas
Author:
Felicia M. Low
Author:
Alan S. Beedle
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