The application of infrared spectroscopy to breath CO₂ isotope ratio measurements and the risk of spurious results

Mansfield, C.D. and Rutt, H.N. (1998) The application of infrared spectroscopy to breath CO₂ isotope ratio measurements and the risk of spurious results. Physics in Medicine and Biology, 43 (5), 1225-1239. (doi:10.1088/0031-9155/43/5/013).

Abstract

Stable CO₂ isotope breath tests are established as a valuable tool in diagnostic and investigative medicine with the potential to become more prominent in the future. However, their development and widespread clinical use is limited by the requirement of isotope ratio mass spectroscopic analysis, To overcome this restriction alternative analytical techniques have been developed; the most promising, offering relative simplicity and lower costs, are those instruments using infrared spectroscopy. Clinical investigations using such instruments show them to perform well but very little attention has been given to the possibility of interference from the infrared absorption spectrum of other compounds in the breath. To provide an unambiguous answer to this concern we have analysed literature on over 200 detected breath compounds and their infrared absorption spectra to identify any absorption bands coincident with the ν₃ absorption band of CO₂. It was found that only five breath trace compounds possess coincident fundamental absorption bands, none of which pose the risk of spurious results. We conclude that the ¹³C₁₆O₂/¹²C₁₆O₂ ratio can confidently be measured for isotopic breath tests using an infrared spectrometer, the position of the ν₃ absorption band of CO₂ in the infrared spectrum precluding any discernible risk of spurious measurements due to coincidental absorption bands.

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