Characterization of ion implanted waveguides in Nd:YAG
Characterization of ion implanted waveguides in Nd:YAG
Ion implantation into Nd:YAG has been used to produce waveguides which are capable of supporting laser action. The refractive index profiles have been characterized as a function of ion dose and energy, implant temperature, and subsequent thermal annealing. Transmission losses down to 1.2 dB/cm have been obtained in the optimized waveguides. There is a temperature independent index enhancement of ~0.15% in the electronic stopping (guiding) region. The nuclear collision damage is temperature dependent, and shows an initial index increase ~0.3% for dose 1x1016 ions/cm2), but a subsequent decrease of up to several percent, which forms an optical barrier, as has been observed in many other crystalline materials. The best mode confinement and attenuation is obtained by utilizing the low dose nuclear index enhancement produced by several equally spaced implants (multiple energy) to give a broad well with Δn ~ 0.25%. Several unusual features of the profiles are reported and discussed.
3440-3446
Field, S.J.
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Hanna, D.C.
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Shepherd, D.P.
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Tropper, A.C.
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Zhang, L.
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Chandler, P.J.
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Townsend, P.D.
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1991
Field, S.J.
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Hanna, D.C.
3da5a5b4-71c2-4441-bb67-21f0d28a187d
Shepherd, D.P.
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Tropper, A.C.
f3505426-e0d5-4e91-aed3-aecdb44b393c
Zhang, L.
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Chandler, P.J.
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Townsend, P.D.
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Field, S.J., Hanna, D.C., Shepherd, D.P., Tropper, A.C., Zhang, L., Chandler, P.J. and Townsend, P.D.
(1991)
Characterization of ion implanted waveguides in Nd:YAG.
Journal of Applied Physics, 69 (6), .
(doi:10.1063/1.348962).
Abstract
Ion implantation into Nd:YAG has been used to produce waveguides which are capable of supporting laser action. The refractive index profiles have been characterized as a function of ion dose and energy, implant temperature, and subsequent thermal annealing. Transmission losses down to 1.2 dB/cm have been obtained in the optimized waveguides. There is a temperature independent index enhancement of ~0.15% in the electronic stopping (guiding) region. The nuclear collision damage is temperature dependent, and shows an initial index increase ~0.3% for dose 1x1016 ions/cm2), but a subsequent decrease of up to several percent, which forms an optical barrier, as has been observed in many other crystalline materials. The best mode confinement and attenuation is obtained by utilizing the low dose nuclear index enhancement produced by several equally spaced implants (multiple energy) to give a broad well with Δn ~ 0.25%. Several unusual features of the profiles are reported and discussed.
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Published date: 1991
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Local EPrints ID: 78550
URI: http://eprints.soton.ac.uk/id/eprint/78550
ISSN: 0021-8979
PURE UUID: 80ae9f38-2a8b-4a0c-a6f1-51f08ea407db
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Date deposited: 11 Mar 2010
Last modified: 12 Nov 2024 02:33
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Contributors
Author:
S.J. Field
Author:
D.C. Hanna
Author:
D.P. Shepherd
Author:
A.C. Tropper
Author:
L. Zhang
Author:
P.J. Chandler
Author:
P.D. Townsend
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