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Properties of bootstrap tests for N-of-1 studies

Properties of bootstrap tests for N-of-1 studies
Properties of bootstrap tests for N-of-1 studies
N-of-1 study designs involve the collection and analyses of repeated measures data from an individual not using an intervention and using an intervention. This study explores the use of semi-parametric and parametric bootstrap tests in the analysis of N-of-1 studies under a single time series framework in the presence of autocorrelation. When the Type I error rates of bootstrap tests are compared to Wald tests, our results show the bootstrap tests have more desirable properties. We compare the results for normally distributed errors with those for contaminated normally distributed errors and find that, except for when there is relatively large autocorrelation, there is little difference between the power of the parametric and semi-parametric bootstrap tests. We also experiment with two intervention designs: ABAB and AB, and show the ABAB design has more power. The results provide guidelines for designing N-of-1 studies, in the sense of how many observations and how many intervention changes are needed to achieve a certain level of power and which test should be performed.
N-of-1 studies, power, semi- and parametric bootstrapping, Wald test, Type I error rate
0007-1102
1-29
Lin, Sharon X.
76a1c30c-372c-4b20-b032-fdabcf8de248
Morrison, Leanne
920a4eda-0f9d-4bd9-842d-6873b1afafef
Smith, Peter
961a01a3-bf4c-43ca-9599-5be4fd5d3940
Hargood, Charlie
9c24b7b0-ee48-41ba-9868-5b97b804f7d3
Weal, Mark
e8fd30a6-c060-41c5-b388-ca52c81032a4
Yardley, Lucy
64be42c4-511d-484d-abaa-f8813452a22e
Lin, Sharon X.
76a1c30c-372c-4b20-b032-fdabcf8de248
Morrison, Leanne
920a4eda-0f9d-4bd9-842d-6873b1afafef
Smith, Peter
961a01a3-bf4c-43ca-9599-5be4fd5d3940
Hargood, Charlie
9c24b7b0-ee48-41ba-9868-5b97b804f7d3
Weal, Mark
e8fd30a6-c060-41c5-b388-ca52c81032a4
Yardley, Lucy
64be42c4-511d-484d-abaa-f8813452a22e

Lin, Sharon X., Morrison, Leanne, Smith, Peter, Hargood, Charlie, Weal, Mark and Yardley, Lucy (2016) Properties of bootstrap tests for N-of-1 studies. British Journal of Mathematical and Statistical Psychology, 1-29. (doi:10.1111/bmsp.12071).

Record type: Article

Abstract

N-of-1 study designs involve the collection and analyses of repeated measures data from an individual not using an intervention and using an intervention. This study explores the use of semi-parametric and parametric bootstrap tests in the analysis of N-of-1 studies under a single time series framework in the presence of autocorrelation. When the Type I error rates of bootstrap tests are compared to Wald tests, our results show the bootstrap tests have more desirable properties. We compare the results for normally distributed errors with those for contaminated normally distributed errors and find that, except for when there is relatively large autocorrelation, there is little difference between the power of the parametric and semi-parametric bootstrap tests. We also experiment with two intervention designs: ABAB and AB, and show the ABAB design has more power. The results provide guidelines for designing N-of-1 studies, in the sense of how many observations and how many intervention changes are needed to achieve a certain level of power and which test should be performed.

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More information

Accepted/In Press date: 25 April 2016
e-pub ahead of print date: 6 May 2016
Keywords: N-of-1 studies, power, semi- and parametric bootstrapping, Wald test, Type I error rate
Organisations: Statistical Sciences Research Institute

Identifiers

Local EPrints ID: 394089
URI: http://eprints.soton.ac.uk/id/eprint/394089
ISSN: 0007-1102
PURE UUID: 5e5e8d14-07b4-46f0-a3d6-90df10d20664
ORCID for Leanne Morrison: ORCID iD orcid.org/0000-0002-9961-551X
ORCID for Peter Smith: ORCID iD orcid.org/0000-0003-4423-5410
ORCID for Mark Weal: ORCID iD orcid.org/0000-0001-6251-8786
ORCID for Lucy Yardley: ORCID iD orcid.org/0000-0002-3853-883X

Catalogue record

Date deposited: 26 May 2016 14:20
Last modified: 15 Mar 2024 05:34

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Contributors

Author: Sharon X. Lin
Author: Leanne Morrison ORCID iD
Author: Peter Smith ORCID iD
Author: Charlie Hargood
Author: Mark Weal ORCID iD
Author: Lucy Yardley ORCID iD

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