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Bone density and body composition in newly licenced professional jockeys

Bone density and body composition in newly licenced professional jockeys
Bone density and body composition in newly licenced professional jockeys
Summary The primary objective is the description of bone mineral density (BMD) and body composition in newly licensed jockeys. One in three male, flat jockeys has a very low bone mineral density. Further research is needed to assess the short-term risk of fractures and long-term health implications of these findings. Introduction Describe bone mineral density (BMD) and body composition in entry-level male and female, flat and jump jockeys in Great Britain. Methods Data was collected on jockeys applying for a professional jockey license between 2013 and 2015. Areal BMD at the spine, femoral neck (FN), total hip and body composition were assessed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scan. We examined differences between BMD and body composition by gender and race type (flat or jump). Volumetric bone mineral apparent density (BMAD) of the spine and FN was also calculated to account for group differences in bone size. Results Seventy-nine male flat jockeys (age 18.5 ± 1.9, BMI 19.0 ± 1.4), 69 male jump (age 20.7 ± 2.0, BMI 20.6 ± 1.3) and 37 female flat jockeys (age 19.3 ± 2.0, BMI 20.8 ± 1.7) took part in this study. Spine BMD Z-scores ≤−2 for male flat, male jump and female flat jockeys were 29, 13 and 2.7%, respectively. Spine BMD was lower in male than female flat jockeys (p<0.001). All BMD scores were lower in male flat compared to male jump jockeys (p<0.001). Body fat percent (BF %) was lower in male flat jockeys compared to male jump and female flat jockeys (p<0.05). Lean mass index (LMI) was lower in male flat compared to male jump jockeys (p<0.001). Conclusions Male flat jockeys had a significantly lower BMD, LMI and BF% compared to jump jockeys and female flat jockeys. Male flat jockeys had lower spine BMD scores than females. Individual bone maturation may influence these findings. Further investigation into the relevance of low BMD and altered body composition on jockey health is required.
0937-941X
2675–2682
Jackson, K.
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Sanchez-Santos, M.T.
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MacKinnon, A.L.
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Turner, A.
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Kuznik, K.
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Ellis, S.
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Box, C.
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Hill, J.
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Javaid, M.K.
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Cooper, Cyrus
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Arden, Nigel
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Newton, Julia L.
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Jackson, K.
afb3dd64-87cd-45b5-b67e-abf7687fc0f0
Sanchez-Santos, M.T.
31b97d12-d959-400e-8a98-3b0be20559ed
MacKinnon, A.L.
e358f712-f8e4-4d49-ba71-676f06062353
Turner, A.
3ca0f269-2b62-44e8-87c3-fe16ad47f8c4
Kuznik, K.
99e5ae48-7b46-4ec4-b37d-d67baec2bf1f
Ellis, S.
267beaf8-9fc1-4474-a827-c168678eb086
Box, C.
8e68645a-c2e2-49d9-8405-51aba29eb847
Hill, J.
3c80d8e5-61fe-486a-9aba-39abf0ae1645
Javaid, M.K.
51d3310b-032e-4c15-83ac-b878bce090f3
Cooper, Cyrus
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Arden, Nigel
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Newton, Julia L.
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Jackson, K., Sanchez-Santos, M.T., MacKinnon, A.L., Turner, A., Kuznik, K., Ellis, S., Box, C., Hill, J., Javaid, M.K., Cooper, Cyrus, Arden, Nigel and Newton, Julia L. (2017) Bone density and body composition in newly licenced professional jockeys. Osteoporosis International, 28 (9), 2675–2682. (doi:10.1007/s00198-017-4086-0).

Record type: Article

Abstract

Summary The primary objective is the description of bone mineral density (BMD) and body composition in newly licensed jockeys. One in three male, flat jockeys has a very low bone mineral density. Further research is needed to assess the short-term risk of fractures and long-term health implications of these findings. Introduction Describe bone mineral density (BMD) and body composition in entry-level male and female, flat and jump jockeys in Great Britain. Methods Data was collected on jockeys applying for a professional jockey license between 2013 and 2015. Areal BMD at the spine, femoral neck (FN), total hip and body composition were assessed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scan. We examined differences between BMD and body composition by gender and race type (flat or jump). Volumetric bone mineral apparent density (BMAD) of the spine and FN was also calculated to account for group differences in bone size. Results Seventy-nine male flat jockeys (age 18.5 ± 1.9, BMI 19.0 ± 1.4), 69 male jump (age 20.7 ± 2.0, BMI 20.6 ± 1.3) and 37 female flat jockeys (age 19.3 ± 2.0, BMI 20.8 ± 1.7) took part in this study. Spine BMD Z-scores ≤−2 for male flat, male jump and female flat jockeys were 29, 13 and 2.7%, respectively. Spine BMD was lower in male than female flat jockeys (p<0.001). All BMD scores were lower in male flat compared to male jump jockeys (p<0.001). Body fat percent (BF %) was lower in male flat jockeys compared to male jump and female flat jockeys (p<0.05). Lean mass index (LMI) was lower in male flat compared to male jump jockeys (p<0.001). Conclusions Male flat jockeys had a significantly lower BMD, LMI and BF% compared to jump jockeys and female flat jockeys. Male flat jockeys had lower spine BMD scores than females. Individual bone maturation may influence these findings. Further investigation into the relevance of low BMD and altered body composition on jockey health is required.

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Bone density in jockeys (clean copy 26_4_17) - Accepted Manuscript
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10.1007%2Fs00198-017-4086-0 - Version of Record
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Accepted/In Press date: 8 May 2017
e-pub ahead of print date: 13 June 2017
Published date: September 2017
Organisations: Human Development & Health, Medical Research Council

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Local EPrints ID: 411617
URI: http://eprints.soton.ac.uk/id/eprint/411617
ISSN: 0937-941X
PURE UUID: 30349bbb-22bc-44f7-b473-9b9321e7f417
ORCID for Cyrus Cooper: ORCID iD orcid.org/0000-0003-3510-0709

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Date deposited: 21 Jun 2017 16:31
Last modified: 18 Mar 2024 05:11

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Contributors

Author: K. Jackson
Author: M.T. Sanchez-Santos
Author: A.L. MacKinnon
Author: A. Turner
Author: K. Kuznik
Author: S. Ellis
Author: C. Box
Author: J. Hill
Author: M.K. Javaid
Author: Cyrus Cooper ORCID iD
Author: Nigel Arden
Author: Julia L. Newton

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