Fatigue life for non-Gaussian random excitations

Abstract

This thesis presents several developments in analysing the fatigue life of mechanical components subjected to various kinds of random excitations and the subsequent mechanical vibration. Typically components must be designed in such a way that they can withstand the effects of the exposure to environmental conditions without being damaged. Their design must be verified using laboratory testing or by Finite Element (FE) calculations. Often, design and testing are performed on the basis of specifications taken from internal, national or international standards, with the implicit assumption that if the equipment survived the particular environment it would also survive the vibrations it will see in service.
Previous work in the area has developed computer-based models to predict the fatigue damage witnessed by components under random loads, but most of these are limited to only stationary Gaussian random excitations. A few have concentrated on non-Gaussian responses, not excitation, resulting from some non-linearities in the structure being activated.
This thesis describes the development of original statistical analysis methods with the ability to determine extreme responses and fatigue life estimates for linear structures when subjected to non-Gaussian random excitations. The emphasis is mainly on two sources of non-Gaussian random excitations namely clipped random excitations and random excitations with a high kurtosis value. Fatigue damage from specific sine-on-random excitations is also studied. In all cases, theoretical formulations were derived to obtain fatigue life estimates without the need for long time domain realisations. Such a statistical approach is particularly suited for simulating the fatigue damage induced during a random test on a shaker system.
One of the main benefits of being able to assess the fatigue life in the case of a structure subjected to a leptokurtic random excitation is to create an accelerated test definition. The idea is to associate a specific kurtosis value to a given Power Spectral Density (PSD) in order to reduce the exposure duration, while encompassing the same fatigue damage potential as the original stationary and Gaussian random test. In practice, the engineer will be able to simulate the effects of the kurtosis control capability of some commercial vibration control systems on the fatigue damage experienced by in the device under test. This process will be achieved using a FE-based fatigue analysis tool, where the user specifies the excitation PSD, the kurtosis value and an FE results file representing the frequency response function linking the excitation and the stress response at each node or element of the FE model of the test article. The stress response PSD with the associated response kurtosis are obtained and the statistical rainflow histogram is extracted. Fatigue life estimates are then derived by associating the statistical rainflow histogram with the material fatigue curve.
The theoretical formulations derived are applied to examples coming from numerical simulations. The estimate of the probability density functions obtained for the response stress and fatigue life correlate well with the results obtained from time domain simulated data, showing the robustness and the accuracy of the theoretical expressions.

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ORCID for Neil Ferguson: orcid.org/0000-0001-5955-7477

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