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The relationship between non-elite sporting activity and calcaneal bone density in adolescents and young adults: a narrative systematic review

The relationship between non-elite sporting activity and calcaneal bone density in adolescents and young adults: a narrative systematic review
The relationship between non-elite sporting activity and calcaneal bone density in adolescents and young adults: a narrative systematic review
Introduction: osteoporotic fractures represent a major public health burden. The risk of fragility fractures in late adulthood is strongly impacted by peak bone mass acquisition by the third decade. Weight-bearing sporting activity may be beneficial to peak bone mass accrual, but previous studies have focused on elite sporting activity and have used dual energy X-ray absorptiometry as a measure of bone density. The authors performed a narrative systematic review of individual sports (performed non-competitively or at local level) and calcaneal quantitative ultrasound (cQUS) bone measures in young people.

Methods: multiple databases were systematically searched up until the 31st of March 2019. The authors included studies of participants' mean age (11–35 years), reporting any level of recreational sporting activity and cQUS measures as well as excluding elite/professional sporting physical activity. Studies (title and abstract) were screened independently by two reviewers, and a third reviewer resolved any discrepancies. STROBE guidelines were used to check the reporting of observational studies. The Newcastle–Ottawa Scale was used to assess the risk of bias of the studies included in the review. The systematic review was registered with the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO).

Results: a search yielded 29,512 articles that considered relationships between bone density assessed by any technique and sporting activity. Duplicate and out of scope abstracts were removed. This left 424 papers that were screened by two reviewers; of these, six met the inclusion criteria, including assessment by cQUS. The authors identified papers where sports were considered, included soccer (football), swimming, cycling, gymnastics, dancing, badminton, basketball, fencing, wrestling, and judokas. Although study heterogeneity prohibited meta-analysis, all six included studies reported significant benefits of weight-bearing non-elite sports on cQUS outcomes.

Conclusion: our study found beneficial effects of non-elite sports participation on cQUS in adolescence and young adulthood, although further work is now indicated.
adolescent, bone, calcaneal quantitative ultrasound (cQUS), sport, systematic review
1664-042X
167
Patel, Hansa
225c6f1f-afd2-401e-8b1b-fdb6ed39b410
Sammut, Luke
8f25fe4f-91cc-4b9b-ab4c-b4c4a315c3b5
Denison, Hayley J.
65475cfd-bdb1-4b02-844e-b2e8f0b1ac46
Teesdale Spittle, Paul
530d0ef6-2a68-478e-bc05-ca71cfbe52ac
Dennison, Elaine
ee647287-edb4-4392-8361-e59fd505b1d1
Patel, Hansa
225c6f1f-afd2-401e-8b1b-fdb6ed39b410
Sammut, Luke
8f25fe4f-91cc-4b9b-ab4c-b4c4a315c3b5
Denison, Hayley J.
65475cfd-bdb1-4b02-844e-b2e8f0b1ac46
Teesdale Spittle, Paul
530d0ef6-2a68-478e-bc05-ca71cfbe52ac
Dennison, Elaine
ee647287-edb4-4392-8361-e59fd505b1d1

Patel, Hansa, Sammut, Luke, Denison, Hayley J., Teesdale Spittle, Paul and Dennison, Elaine (2020) The relationship between non-elite sporting activity and calcaneal bone density in adolescents and young adults: a narrative systematic review. Frontiers in Physiology, 11, 167. (doi:10.3389/fphys.2020.00167).

Record type: Article

Abstract

Introduction: osteoporotic fractures represent a major public health burden. The risk of fragility fractures in late adulthood is strongly impacted by peak bone mass acquisition by the third decade. Weight-bearing sporting activity may be beneficial to peak bone mass accrual, but previous studies have focused on elite sporting activity and have used dual energy X-ray absorptiometry as a measure of bone density. The authors performed a narrative systematic review of individual sports (performed non-competitively or at local level) and calcaneal quantitative ultrasound (cQUS) bone measures in young people.

Methods: multiple databases were systematically searched up until the 31st of March 2019. The authors included studies of participants' mean age (11–35 years), reporting any level of recreational sporting activity and cQUS measures as well as excluding elite/professional sporting physical activity. Studies (title and abstract) were screened independently by two reviewers, and a third reviewer resolved any discrepancies. STROBE guidelines were used to check the reporting of observational studies. The Newcastle–Ottawa Scale was used to assess the risk of bias of the studies included in the review. The systematic review was registered with the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO).

Results: a search yielded 29,512 articles that considered relationships between bone density assessed by any technique and sporting activity. Duplicate and out of scope abstracts were removed. This left 424 papers that were screened by two reviewers; of these, six met the inclusion criteria, including assessment by cQUS. The authors identified papers where sports were considered, included soccer (football), swimming, cycling, gymnastics, dancing, badminton, basketball, fencing, wrestling, and judokas. Although study heterogeneity prohibited meta-analysis, all six included studies reported significant benefits of weight-bearing non-elite sports on cQUS outcomes.

Conclusion: our study found beneficial effects of non-elite sports participation on cQUS in adolescence and young adulthood, although further work is now indicated.

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More information

Accepted/In Press date: 13 February 2020
e-pub ahead of print date: 6 March 2020
Published date: 6 March 2020
Additional Information: Copyright © 2020 Patel, Sammut, Denison, Teesdale-Spittle and Dennison.
Keywords: adolescent, bone, calcaneal quantitative ultrasound (cQUS), sport, systematic review

Identifiers

Local EPrints ID: 441378
URI: http://eprints.soton.ac.uk/id/eprint/441378
ISSN: 1664-042X
PURE UUID: 10682f19-73ce-45b6-9612-e0ea39214385
ORCID for Elaine Dennison: ORCID iD orcid.org/0000-0002-3048-4961

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Date deposited: 11 Jun 2020 16:30
Last modified: 17 Mar 2024 02:43

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Contributors

Author: Hansa Patel
Author: Luke Sammut
Author: Hayley J. Denison
Author: Paul Teesdale Spittle
Author: Elaine Dennison ORCID iD

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