Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease as a metabolic disease in humans: A literature review
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease as a metabolic disease in humans: A literature review
Aims
To conduct a systematic literature review to identify recent epidemiological, biomarker, genetic and clinical evidence that expands our understanding of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) as a metabolic disorder.
Materials and Methods
We performed a literature search using PubMed to identify trials, observational studies and meta‐analyses published in the past 5 years.
Results
A total of 95 publications met prespecified inclusion criteria and reported on the interplay between NAFLD/nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and metabolic dysfunction, in terms of disease burden and/or epidemiology (n = 10), pathophysiology, risk factors and associated conditions (n = 29), diagnosis and biomarkers (n = 34), and treatment approaches (n = 22). There is a growing body of evidence on the links between NAFLD/NASH pathogenesis and mechanisms of metabolic dysfunction, through liver lipid accumulation, insulin resistance, inflammation, apoptosis, and fibrogenic remodelling within the liver. The frequent co‐occurrence of NAFLD with obesity, metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes supports this premise. Therapeutic approaches originally envisaged for type 2 diabetes or obesity (such as glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonists, sodium‐glucose co‐transporter‐2 inhibitors, insulin sensitizers and bariatric surgery) have shown promising signs of benefit for patients with NAFLD/NASH.
Conclusions
Given the complex interplay between NAFLD and metabolic dysfunction, there is an urgent need for multidisciplinary collaboration and established protocols for care of patients with NAFLD that are individualized and ideally support reduction of overall metabolic risk as well as treatment for NASH.
GLP-1, fatty liver disease, insulin resistance, pharmaco-epidemiology, type 2 diabetes
1069-1083
Cariou, Bertrand
477759af-72dc-4b44-8d26-a53e80a298e0
Byrne, Christopher D.
1370b997-cead-4229-83a7-53301ed2a43c
Loomba, Rohit
64a15fe6-dac8-43d7-9913-3ab025730e07
Sanyal, Arun J.
f961c7d5-5194-41e6-9b51-1ca705840443
May 2021
Cariou, Bertrand
477759af-72dc-4b44-8d26-a53e80a298e0
Byrne, Christopher D.
1370b997-cead-4229-83a7-53301ed2a43c
Loomba, Rohit
64a15fe6-dac8-43d7-9913-3ab025730e07
Sanyal, Arun J.
f961c7d5-5194-41e6-9b51-1ca705840443
Cariou, Bertrand, Byrne, Christopher D., Loomba, Rohit and Sanyal, Arun J.
(2021)
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease as a metabolic disease in humans: A literature review.
Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, 23 (5), .
(doi:10.1111/dom.14322).
Abstract
Aims
To conduct a systematic literature review to identify recent epidemiological, biomarker, genetic and clinical evidence that expands our understanding of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) as a metabolic disorder.
Materials and Methods
We performed a literature search using PubMed to identify trials, observational studies and meta‐analyses published in the past 5 years.
Results
A total of 95 publications met prespecified inclusion criteria and reported on the interplay between NAFLD/nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and metabolic dysfunction, in terms of disease burden and/or epidemiology (n = 10), pathophysiology, risk factors and associated conditions (n = 29), diagnosis and biomarkers (n = 34), and treatment approaches (n = 22). There is a growing body of evidence on the links between NAFLD/NASH pathogenesis and mechanisms of metabolic dysfunction, through liver lipid accumulation, insulin resistance, inflammation, apoptosis, and fibrogenic remodelling within the liver. The frequent co‐occurrence of NAFLD with obesity, metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes supports this premise. Therapeutic approaches originally envisaged for type 2 diabetes or obesity (such as glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonists, sodium‐glucose co‐transporter‐2 inhibitors, insulin sensitizers and bariatric surgery) have shown promising signs of benefit for patients with NAFLD/NASH.
Conclusions
Given the complex interplay between NAFLD and metabolic dysfunction, there is an urgent need for multidisciplinary collaboration and established protocols for care of patients with NAFLD that are individualized and ideally support reduction of overall metabolic risk as well as treatment for NASH.
Text
NAFLD as a metabolic disease in humans A literature review
- Accepted Manuscript
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- Accepted Manuscript
More information
Accepted/In Press date: 14 January 2021
e-pub ahead of print date: 19 January 2021
Published date: May 2021
Additional Information:
Funding Information:
Financial support for medical editorial assistance from Anna Bacon, of Articulate Science, was provided by Novo Nordisk. C. D. B. is supported in part by the Southampton NIHR Biomedical Research Centre (IS-BRC-20004), UK. R. L. receives funding support from National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (5P42ES010337), NCATS (5UL1TR001442), NIDDK (R01DK106419, 1R01DK121378, R01 DK124318, P30DK120515), and DOD PRCRP (CA170674P2). A. J. S. receives funding support from National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (UL1TR002649, KL2TR002648), NIDDK (RO1 DK 10596, 5UO1 DK61731), NIAAA (U01AA026979, AA026966, UH2AA026971), and NCI (CA183954).
Publisher Copyright:
© 2021 The Authors. Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Keywords:
GLP-1, fatty liver disease, insulin resistance, pharmaco-epidemiology, type 2 diabetes
Identifiers
Local EPrints ID: 446633
URI: http://eprints.soton.ac.uk/id/eprint/446633
ISSN: 1462-8902
PURE UUID: 4b240f95-e5a3-41be-8224-ab2ff16e3bf1
Catalogue record
Date deposited: 16 Feb 2021 17:35
Last modified: 17 Mar 2024 06:15
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Contributors
Author:
Bertrand Cariou
Author:
Rohit Loomba
Author:
Arun J. Sanyal
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