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Pillared Mo2TiC2 MXene for high-power and long-life lithium and sodium-ion batteries

Pillared Mo2TiC2 MXene for high-power and long-life lithium and sodium-ion batteries
Pillared Mo2TiC2 MXene for high-power and long-life lithium and sodium-ion batteries

In this work, we apply an amine-assisted silica pillaring method to create the first example of a porous Mo 2TiC 2MXene with nanoengineered interlayer distances. The pillared Mo 2TiC 2has a surface area of 202 m 2g −1, which is among the highest reported for any MXene, and has a variable gallery height between 0.7 and 3 nm. The expanded interlayer distance leads to significantly enhanced cycling performance for Li-ion storage, with superior capacity, rate capably and cycling stability in comparison to the non-pillared analogue. The pillared Mo 2TiC 2achieved a capacity over 1.7 times greater than multilayered MXene at 20 mA g −1(≈320 mA h g −1) and 2.5 times higher at 1 A g −1(≈150 mA h g −1). The fast-charging properties of pillared Mo 2TiC 2are further demonstrated by outstanding stability even at 1 A g −1(under 8 min charge time), retaining 80% of the initial capacity after 500 cycles. Furthermore, we use a combination of spectroscopic techniques (i.e.XPS, NMR and Raman) to show unambiguously that the charge storage mechanism of this MXene occurs by a conversion reaction through the formation of Li 2O. This reaction increases by 2-fold the capacity beyond intercalation, and therefore, its understanding is crucial for further development of this family of materials. In addition, we also investigate for the first time the sodium storage properties of the pillared and non-pillared Mo 2TiC 2

3145-3158
Maughan, Philip A.
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Bouscarrat, Luc
2eef42e9-c779-409f-aeb8-fb0c1071af8e
Seymour, Valerie
13587906-718e-4005-b7d6-bc7d522b5594
Shao, Shouqi
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Haigh, Sarah J.
8559c49b-a11b-4afb-8379-0af0a5bfbf42
Dawson, Richard
e7b551fc-e0fa-42d1-97e0-92d7addc1693
Tapia-Ruiz, Nuria
3983b001-dcd1-4780-8a5b-ec8e27b78e9b
Bimbo, Nuno
53d9fc24-e2c1-4e2d-8d75-8dc640d8adda
Maughan, Philip A.
3bdf4190-8639-40b1-a522-3ab0ca0cfc0c
Bouscarrat, Luc
2eef42e9-c779-409f-aeb8-fb0c1071af8e
Seymour, Valerie
13587906-718e-4005-b7d6-bc7d522b5594
Shao, Shouqi
f97a0153-41fd-46a3-bf60-e37485913372
Haigh, Sarah J.
8559c49b-a11b-4afb-8379-0af0a5bfbf42
Dawson, Richard
e7b551fc-e0fa-42d1-97e0-92d7addc1693
Tapia-Ruiz, Nuria
3983b001-dcd1-4780-8a5b-ec8e27b78e9b
Bimbo, Nuno
53d9fc24-e2c1-4e2d-8d75-8dc640d8adda

Maughan, Philip A., Bouscarrat, Luc, Seymour, Valerie, Shao, Shouqi, Haigh, Sarah J., Dawson, Richard, Tapia-Ruiz, Nuria and Bimbo, Nuno (2021) Pillared Mo2TiC2 MXene for high-power and long-life lithium and sodium-ion batteries. Nanoscale Adv., 3 (11), 3145-3158. (doi:10.1039/d1na00081k).

Record type: Article

Abstract

In this work, we apply an amine-assisted silica pillaring method to create the first example of a porous Mo 2TiC 2MXene with nanoengineered interlayer distances. The pillared Mo 2TiC 2has a surface area of 202 m 2g −1, which is among the highest reported for any MXene, and has a variable gallery height between 0.7 and 3 nm. The expanded interlayer distance leads to significantly enhanced cycling performance for Li-ion storage, with superior capacity, rate capably and cycling stability in comparison to the non-pillared analogue. The pillared Mo 2TiC 2achieved a capacity over 1.7 times greater than multilayered MXene at 20 mA g −1(≈320 mA h g −1) and 2.5 times higher at 1 A g −1(≈150 mA h g −1). The fast-charging properties of pillared Mo 2TiC 2are further demonstrated by outstanding stability even at 1 A g −1(under 8 min charge time), retaining 80% of the initial capacity after 500 cycles. Furthermore, we use a combination of spectroscopic techniques (i.e.XPS, NMR and Raman) to show unambiguously that the charge storage mechanism of this MXene occurs by a conversion reaction through the formation of Li 2O. This reaction increases by 2-fold the capacity beyond intercalation, and therefore, its understanding is crucial for further development of this family of materials. In addition, we also investigate for the first time the sodium storage properties of the pillared and non-pillared Mo 2TiC 2

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Accepted/In Press date: 11 April 2021
e-pub ahead of print date: 12 April 2021
Published date: 7 June 2021
Additional Information: Funding Information: PAM and SS gratefully acknowledge support from the EPSRC Graphene NOWNANO Centre for Doctoral Training for provision of PhD studentships. NTR is indebted to the Royal Society (RG170150), Energy Lancaster and Lancaster University for nancial support. XPS data collection was performed at the EPSRC National Facility for XPS (“HarwellXPS”), operated by Cardiff University and UCL, under contract No. PR16195. Lancaster University NMR facilities were part funded by the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) under the Collaborative Technology Access Program (cTAP). SJH and SS acknowledge funding from EPSRC (EP/P009050/1) and from the European Research Council Horizon 2020 Starter Grant Evolu-TEM (715502). This work was supported by the Henry Royce Institute for Advanced Materials, funded through EPSRC grants EP/R00661X/1, EP/S019367/1, EP/P025021/1 and EP/P025498/1. The authors would like to thank Dr John M Griffin for helpful comments on the manuscript. Funding Information: PAM and SS gratefully acknowledge support from the EPSRC Graphene NOWNANO Centre for Doctoral Training for provision of PhD studentships. NTR is indebted to the Royal Society (RG170150), Energy Lancaster and Lancaster University for financial support. XPS data collection was performed at the EPSRC National Facility for XPS (?HarwellXPS?), operated by Cardiff University and UCL, under contract No. PR16195. Lancaster University NMR facilities were part funded by the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) under the Collaborative Technology Access Program (cTAP). SJH and SS acknowledge funding from EPSRC (EP/P009050/1) and from the European Research Council Horizon 2020 Starter Grant EvoluTEM (715502). This work was supported by the Henry Royce Institute for Advanced Materials, funded through EPSRC grants EP/R00661X/1, EP/S019367/1, EP/P025021/1 and EP/P025498/1. The authors would like to thank Dr John M Griffin for helpful comments on the manuscript. Publisher Copyright: © The Royal Society of Chemistry 2021.
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Identifiers

Local EPrints ID: 448317
URI: http://eprints.soton.ac.uk/id/eprint/448317
DOI: doi:10.1039/d1na00081k
PURE UUID: c6a9df72-43f6-477a-b03b-9850e891740b
ORCID for Nuno Bimbo: ORCID iD orcid.org/0000-0001-8740-8284

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Date deposited: 20 Apr 2021 16:31
Last modified: 17 Mar 2024 03:59

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Contributors

Author: Philip A. Maughan
Author: Luc Bouscarrat
Author: Valerie Seymour
Author: Shouqi Shao
Author: Sarah J. Haigh
Author: Richard Dawson
Author: Nuria Tapia-Ruiz
Author: Nuno Bimbo ORCID iD

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