Grid-forming control for solar PV systems with power reserves
Grid-forming control for solar PV systems with power reserves
This paper presents a grid-forming control (GFC)scheme for two-stage photovoltaic (PV) systems that maintainspower reserves by operating below the maximum power point(MPP). The PV plant in GFC mode behaves like a voltage sourcethat supports the grid during disturbances in full or limited gridforming mode as per the reserve availability. This is a model-freemethod that avoids the estimation of MPP power in real-timecommonly done in the literature, which makes it simpler and morereliable. The proposed control also features an enhanced currentlimitation scheme that guarantees containment of the currentovershoots during faults, which is not trivial in voltage-sourcedGFC inverters. A thorough investigation is done, exploringvarious generation mixtures of synchronous machines (SM), GFCand grid-following (GFL) inverters, and all common disturbances,e.g., load change, faults and irradiance transients. The resultsshow very favorable dynamic performance by the GFC inverters,far superior to GFL inverters and directly comparable to SMs. Itis found that replacing SMs with GFC inverters may improve thefrequency profile and terminal voltage during disturbances,despite losing out in the mechanical inertia and the strict inverterovercurrent limits.
Ancillary services, DC-DC power converters, Inverters, Phase locked loops, Power system stability, Pulse width modulation, Synchronous machines, Voltage control, current limitation, grid forming control, grid support, inverter, maximum power point, power reserves, renewables integration, solar photovoltaic (PV)
1947-1959
Pawar, Bandopant
8f13fd75-3145-477f-a62f-2f6d684f1b01
Batzelis, Efstratios
2a85086e-e403-443c-81a6-e3b4ee16ae5e
Chakrabarti, Saikat
f359566a-5ebd-4842-984f-89b466abc8b2
Pal, Bikash
93aac0a3-362b-4205-a630-223d6443a5dd
October 2021
Pawar, Bandopant
8f13fd75-3145-477f-a62f-2f6d684f1b01
Batzelis, Efstratios
2a85086e-e403-443c-81a6-e3b4ee16ae5e
Chakrabarti, Saikat
f359566a-5ebd-4842-984f-89b466abc8b2
Pal, Bikash
93aac0a3-362b-4205-a630-223d6443a5dd
Pawar, Bandopant, Batzelis, Efstratios, Chakrabarti, Saikat and Pal, Bikash
(2021)
Grid-forming control for solar PV systems with power reserves.
IEEE Transactions on Sustainable Energy, 12 (4), .
(doi:10.1109/TSTE.2021.3074066).
Abstract
This paper presents a grid-forming control (GFC)scheme for two-stage photovoltaic (PV) systems that maintainspower reserves by operating below the maximum power point(MPP). The PV plant in GFC mode behaves like a voltage sourcethat supports the grid during disturbances in full or limited gridforming mode as per the reserve availability. This is a model-freemethod that avoids the estimation of MPP power in real-timecommonly done in the literature, which makes it simpler and morereliable. The proposed control also features an enhanced currentlimitation scheme that guarantees containment of the currentovershoots during faults, which is not trivial in voltage-sourcedGFC inverters. A thorough investigation is done, exploringvarious generation mixtures of synchronous machines (SM), GFCand grid-following (GFL) inverters, and all common disturbances,e.g., load change, faults and irradiance transients. The resultsshow very favorable dynamic performance by the GFC inverters,far superior to GFL inverters and directly comparable to SMs. Itis found that replacing SMs with GFC inverters may improve thefrequency profile and terminal voltage during disturbances,despite losing out in the mechanical inertia and the strict inverterovercurrent limits.
Text
TSTE-01055-2020.R2_Proof
- Author's Original
Text
Grid-Forming Control for Solar PV Systems with Power Reserves
- Accepted Manuscript
More information
Accepted/In Press date: 8 April 2021
Published date: October 2021
Additional Information:
Funding Information:
Manuscript received September 29, 2020; revised January 30, 2021 and March 15, 2021; accepted April 8, 2021. Date of publication April 19, 2021; date of current version September 20, 2021. This work was supported in part by the Department of Science and Technology, Government of India, under Grant DST/EE/2017092C (UKICERI WP1.1) at Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur and UKSRC and the Royal Academy of Engineering under the Engineering for Development Research Fellowship scheme no. RF\201819\18\86. Paper no. TSTE-01055-2020. (Corresponding author: Bandopant Pawar.) Bandopant Pawar and Saikat Chakrabarti are with the Department of Electrical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh 208016, India (e-mail: pawarbb@iitk.ac.in; saikatc@iitk.ac.in).
Publisher Copyright:
© 2010-2012 IEEE.
Keywords:
Ancillary services, DC-DC power converters, Inverters, Phase locked loops, Power system stability, Pulse width modulation, Synchronous machines, Voltage control, current limitation, grid forming control, grid support, inverter, maximum power point, power reserves, renewables integration, solar photovoltaic (PV)
Identifiers
Local EPrints ID: 448352
URI: http://eprints.soton.ac.uk/id/eprint/448352
ISSN: 1949-3029
PURE UUID: 74013f8a-bd8d-42f5-ac4b-dcedad0172a1
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Date deposited: 20 Apr 2021 16:35
Last modified: 17 Mar 2024 04:06
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Contributors
Author:
Bandopant Pawar
Author:
Efstratios Batzelis
Author:
Saikat Chakrabarti
Author:
Bikash Pal
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