Distinct opposing associations of upper and lower body fat depots with metabolic and cardiovascular disease risk markers
Distinct opposing associations of upper and lower body fat depots with metabolic and cardiovascular disease risk markers
Background: To examine the associations of total and regional adiposity with metabolic and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk markers. Methods: This cross-sectional study included 1080 (53.8% men, aged 39–44 years) individuals from South India. Anthropometry (height, weight, waist and hip circumference), body composition assessment using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), blood pressure (BP), and plasma glucose, insulin and lipids were measured. Regression analysis was used to examine associations of standardized fat measurements with type 2 diabetes (T2D), insulin resistance (IR), hypertension and hypertriglyceridemia and continuous measurements of BP, glucose, insulin, HOMA-IR and lipids. Contour plots were constructed to visualize the differential effect of upper and lower fat depots. Results: DXA-measured fat depots were positively associated with metabolic and CVD risk markers. After adjusting for fat mass index, upper body fat remained positively, while lower body fat was negatively associated with risk markers. A one standard deviation (SD) increase in android fat showed higher odds ratios (ORs) for T2D (6.59; 95% CI 3.17, 13.70), IR (4.68; 95% CI 2.31, 9.50), hypertension (2.57; 95% CI 1.56, 4.25) and hypertriglyceridemia (6.39; 95% CI 3.46, 11.90) in men. A 1 SD increase in leg fat showed a protective effect with ORs for T2D (0.42; 95% CI 0.24, 0.74), IR (0.31; 95% CI 0.17, 0.57) and hypertriglyceridemia (0.61; 95% CI 0.38, 0.98). The magnitude of the effect was greater with DXA-measured fat compared with anthropometry. Conclusion: At any level of total body fat, upper and lower body fat depots demonstrate opposite risk associations with metabolic and CVD risk markers in Asian Indians.
2490-2498
Gowri, Mahasampath S.
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Antonisamy, Belavendra
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Geethanjali, Finney S.
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Thomas, Nihal
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Jebasingh, Felix S.
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Paul, Thomas V.
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Karpe, Fredrik
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Osmond, Clive
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Fall, Caroline
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Vasan, Senthil K.
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November 2021
Gowri, Mahasampath S.
d1fb9132-b696-4498-b8f8-a50d1818fb96
Antonisamy, Belavendra
ec356bbb-f468-48a3-a375-ec2f3b20852a
Geethanjali, Finney S.
a3e2b129-87f5-40de-bcaf-af4f2e76a500
Thomas, Nihal
98bc3bea-cba2-4685-81dd-54c0c63995b3
Jebasingh, Felix S.
c2af8855-bae0-455e-8517-191254a7ff4e
Paul, Thomas V.
31a629dc-0297-4e59-938d-4eaf03e2bd70
Karpe, Fredrik
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Osmond, Clive
2677bf85-494f-4a78-adf8-580e1b8acb81
Fall, Caroline
7171a105-34f5-4131-89d7-1aa639893b18
Vasan, Senthil K.
57b46c7b-074d-4d99-a284-40b592aec067
Gowri, Mahasampath S., Antonisamy, Belavendra, Geethanjali, Finney S., Thomas, Nihal, Jebasingh, Felix S., Paul, Thomas V., Karpe, Fredrik, Osmond, Clive, Fall, Caroline and Vasan, Senthil K.
(2021)
Distinct opposing associations of upper and lower body fat depots with metabolic and cardiovascular disease risk markers.
International Journal of Obesity, 45 (11), .
(doi:10.1038/s41366-021-00923-1).
Abstract
Background: To examine the associations of total and regional adiposity with metabolic and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk markers. Methods: This cross-sectional study included 1080 (53.8% men, aged 39–44 years) individuals from South India. Anthropometry (height, weight, waist and hip circumference), body composition assessment using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), blood pressure (BP), and plasma glucose, insulin and lipids were measured. Regression analysis was used to examine associations of standardized fat measurements with type 2 diabetes (T2D), insulin resistance (IR), hypertension and hypertriglyceridemia and continuous measurements of BP, glucose, insulin, HOMA-IR and lipids. Contour plots were constructed to visualize the differential effect of upper and lower fat depots. Results: DXA-measured fat depots were positively associated with metabolic and CVD risk markers. After adjusting for fat mass index, upper body fat remained positively, while lower body fat was negatively associated with risk markers. A one standard deviation (SD) increase in android fat showed higher odds ratios (ORs) for T2D (6.59; 95% CI 3.17, 13.70), IR (4.68; 95% CI 2.31, 9.50), hypertension (2.57; 95% CI 1.56, 4.25) and hypertriglyceridemia (6.39; 95% CI 3.46, 11.90) in men. A 1 SD increase in leg fat showed a protective effect with ORs for T2D (0.42; 95% CI 0.24, 0.74), IR (0.31; 95% CI 0.17, 0.57) and hypertriglyceridemia (0.61; 95% CI 0.38, 0.98). The magnitude of the effect was greater with DXA-measured fat compared with anthropometry. Conclusion: At any level of total body fat, upper and lower body fat depots demonstrate opposite risk associations with metabolic and CVD risk markers in Asian Indians.
Text
Manuscript_R2_IJO_SKV_08072021
- Accepted Manuscript
More information
Accepted/In Press date: 7 July 2021
Published date: November 2021
Additional Information:
Funding Information:
The study was partly funded by internal research grants from the Christian Medical College, Vellore (IRB 8920/05-2014), Indian Institute of Public Health, India (WTP Project grant/09-2012). Vellore Birth Cohort adult follow-up was supported by the British Heart Foundation (BHF_RG/98001 and BHF_CS/15/4/31493).
Publisher Copyright:
© 2021, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Limited.
Identifiers
Local EPrints ID: 450342
URI: http://eprints.soton.ac.uk/id/eprint/450342
ISSN: 0307-0565
PURE UUID: 5f17960f-d662-4dae-8094-7ce5d4f4aefa
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Date deposited: 23 Jul 2021 18:13
Last modified: 17 Mar 2024 06:43
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Contributors
Author:
Mahasampath S. Gowri
Author:
Belavendra Antonisamy
Author:
Finney S. Geethanjali
Author:
Nihal Thomas
Author:
Felix S. Jebasingh
Author:
Thomas V. Paul
Author:
Fredrik Karpe
Author:
Senthil K. Vasan
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