Mathematical models for friction welding

Francis, Andrew (1983) Mathematical models for friction welding. University of Southampton, Doctoral Thesis.

Record type: Thesis (Doctoral)

Abstract

Extensive experimental investigations have been made into friction welding but very few relevant mathematical models have been produced. In this thesis several possible models are developed which describe the various phases of the frictioning stage. Attention has been focussed, in particular, on the modelling ofthe softened layer of material which develops close to the weld interface. Solutions have been derived for thickness of this layer, the reacted torque and the temperature distributions for the cases where the layer is modelled by either a viscous fluid or a Bingham substance. The solutions have largely been obtained using the heat balance integral method and their accuracy has been assessed with the aid of various asymptotic solutions. Although this work has mainly 'been concerned ' with phase II of the frictioning stage, the equilibrium and deceleration phases have been examined. The more specialised friction welding processes of orbital and inertial welding have also been considered. An interesting feature of a friction weld is the upset collar which is formed by material expelled from the softened zone and a model to describe the shape of this extruded material has tentatively been put forward.

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