The Flemish and Walloon communities at Sandwich during the reign of Elizabeth I (1561-1603)

Abstract

Chapter I considers the demographic evolution of the local and Stranger populations in the Cinque Port and the attitudes towards the increasing influx of refugees into Sandwich. Chapter II analyses the religious organisation and discipline of the exile communities, including their contacts with the other Stranger communities in England and their co-religionists on the Continent, the attitude towards Anabaptism, their education and organisation of their orphanage. After outlining the economic relations between England and Flanders in the late middle ages and early Tudor times and the role of Sandwich during that period, Chapter III examines the important contribution the Strangers made to the Sandwich economy, the tension between the locals and the refugees in a national and international perspective, and the organisation of the exiles' `New Draperies'. Chapter IV is devoted to an analysis of social stratification and living standards of the exiles, based on information about wages, prices and taxes. The final chapter discusses the involvement of the Stranger communities in the Troubles in Flanders, especially during the 1560s but continuing until 1603. Subjects covered in this chapter include the debates on the use of violence, the Iconoclastic Fury, the Wood and Sea Beggars and support for Orange.

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