Chained negotiation for quality of service in distributed notification services

Abstract

With the growth of the Internet over recent years, the use of distributed systems has increased dramatically. Components of distributed systems require a communications infrastructure in order to interact with other components. One such method of communication is a notification service (NS). which delivers notifications of events between publishers and consumers that have subscribed to these events. A distributed NS is made up of multiple NS instances, enabling publishers and consumers to be connected to different NSs and still communicate. The NSs attempt to optimise message flow between them by sharing subscriptions between consumers with similar interests. In many cases, there is a mismatch between the dissemination notifications from a publisher and the delivery preferences of the consumer in terms of frequency of delivery, quality, etc. Consumers wish to receive a high quality of service, while a service provider acting as a publisher wishes to make its service available to many consumers without overloading itself. Negotiation is applicable to the resolution of this mismatch. However, existing forms of negotiation are incompatible with distributed NSs, where negotiation needs to take into account the preferences of the publisher and consumer, as well as existing subscriptions held by NSs. We introduce the concept of chained negotiation, where one or more intermediaries sit between the client and supplier in a negotiation, as a solution to this problem. Automated chained negotiation can enable a publisher and consumer to find a mutually acceptable set of delivery preferences for a service to be delivered through a distributed NS, while still enabling NSs to share subscriptions between consumers with similar interests. In this thesis, we present the following contributions: first, we show that by using negotiation over quality of service conditions, a service provider can serve more clients with a lower load on itself, presenting a direct negotiation engine for this purpose. We present chained negotiation as a novel form of negotiation enabling quality of service negotiations to involve intermediaries which may be able to satisfy a client's request without involving the service provider. Finally, we present a distributed notification service with support for chained negotiation, showing the benefit gained from chained quality of service negotiation in a real application.

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