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A high-resolution map of human RNA translation

A high-resolution map of human RNA translation
A high-resolution map of human RNA translation

Translated small open reading frames (smORFs) can have important regulatory roles and encode microproteins, yet their genome-wide identification has been challenging. We determined the ribosome locations across six primary human cell types and five tissues and detected 7,767 smORFs with translational profiles matching those of known proteins. The human genome was found to contain highly cell-type- and tissue-specific smORFs and a subset that encodes highly conserved amino acid sequences. Changes in the translational efficiency of upstream-encoded smORFs (uORFs) and the corresponding main ORFs predominantly occur in the same direction. Integration with 456 mass-spectrometry datasets confirms the presence of 603 small peptides at the protein level in humans and provides insights into the subcellular localization of these small proteins. This study provides a comprehensive atlas of high-confidence translated smORFs derived from primary human cells and tissues in order to provide a more complete understanding of the translated human genome.

Ribo-seq, Ribosome profiling, dORFs, lncRNAs, smORFs, translation, uORFs, untranslated regions
1097-2765
2885-2899.e8
Chothani, Sonia P.
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Adami, Eleonora
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Widjaja, Anissa A.
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Langley, Sarah R.
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Viswanathan, Sivakumar
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Pua, Chee Jian
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Zhihao, Nevin Tham
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Harmston, Nathan
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D’agostino, Giuseppe
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Whiffin, Nicola
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Mao, Wang
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Ouyang, John F.
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Lim, Wei Wen
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Lim, Shiqi
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Grubman, Alexandra
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Chen, Joseph
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Kovalik, J.p.
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Tryggvason, Karl
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Polo, Jose M.
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Ho, Lena
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Cook, Stuart A.
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Rackham, Owen J.l.
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Schafer, Sebastian
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Chothani, Sonia P.
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Adami, Eleonora
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Widjaja, Anissa A.
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Langley, Sarah R.
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Viswanathan, Sivakumar
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Pua, Chee Jian
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Zhihao, Nevin Tham
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Harmston, Nathan
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D’agostino, Giuseppe
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Whiffin, Nicola
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Mao, Wang
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Ouyang, John F.
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Lim, Wei Wen
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Lim, Shiqi
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Lee, Cheryl Q.e.
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Grubman, Alexandra
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Chen, Joseph
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Kovalik, J.p.
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Tryggvason, Karl
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Polo, Jose M.
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Ho, Lena
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Cook, Stuart A.
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Rackham, Owen J.l.
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Schafer, Sebastian
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Chothani, Sonia P., Adami, Eleonora, Widjaja, Anissa A., Langley, Sarah R., Viswanathan, Sivakumar, Pua, Chee Jian, Zhihao, Nevin Tham, Harmston, Nathan, D’agostino, Giuseppe, Whiffin, Nicola, Mao, Wang, Ouyang, John F., Lim, Wei Wen, Lim, Shiqi, Lee, Cheryl Q.e., Grubman, Alexandra, Chen, Joseph, Kovalik, J.p., Tryggvason, Karl, Polo, Jose M., Ho, Lena, Cook, Stuart A., Rackham, Owen J.l. and Schafer, Sebastian (2022) A high-resolution map of human RNA translation. Molecular Cell, 82 (15), 2885-2899.e8. (doi:10.1016/j.molcel.2022.06.023).

Record type: Article

Abstract

Translated small open reading frames (smORFs) can have important regulatory roles and encode microproteins, yet their genome-wide identification has been challenging. We determined the ribosome locations across six primary human cell types and five tissues and detected 7,767 smORFs with translational profiles matching those of known proteins. The human genome was found to contain highly cell-type- and tissue-specific smORFs and a subset that encodes highly conserved amino acid sequences. Changes in the translational efficiency of upstream-encoded smORFs (uORFs) and the corresponding main ORFs predominantly occur in the same direction. Integration with 456 mass-spectrometry datasets confirms the presence of 603 small peptides at the protein level in humans and provides insights into the subcellular localization of these small proteins. This study provides a comprehensive atlas of high-confidence translated smORFs derived from primary human cells and tissues in order to provide a more complete understanding of the translated human genome.

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ChothaniEtAl_2022 - Accepted Manuscript
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Accepted/In Press date: 15 June 2022
e-pub ahead of print date: 15 July 2022
Published date: 4 August 2022
Additional Information: Funding Information: We thank Dr. Dennis Kappei for providing expert feedback on proteomics analysis. This work was supported by the Open Fund -Young Individual Research Grant (OFYIRG18nov-0014), Duke-NUS-GCR/2018/0017A Grant, and the Academic Clinical Programme Charles Toh Cardiovascular Fellowship Award to S. Schafer. The work was also supported by a Singapore National Research Foundation (NRF) Competitive Research Programme (CRP) grant (NRF-CRP20-2017-0002) and National Medical Research Council (NMRC) Young Investigators Research Grant (YIRG) (NMRC/OFYIRG/0022/2016) awarded to O. Rackham. L.H. is supported by NRF-NRFF2017-05 and HHMI IRSP 55008732. O.J.L.R. S.A.C. and S.S. conceived and arranged funding for the study. O.J.L.R. and S.S. designed and managed the implementation of the study. S.P.C. E.A. O.J.L.R. and S.S. wrote the manuscript with input from coauthors. S.P.C. performed data processing, Ribo-seq analysis, and pipeline development and implementation. E.A. performed and organized the molecular biology experiments. S.P.C. and E.A. created the visualization of results. S.L. A.A.W. S.V. W.M. and W.W.L. assisted in molecular biology experiments and in vitro cell culture. S.R.L. and N.T.Z. assisted with mass spec analysis. G.D. J.F.O. and N.H. performed aspects of the data processing and N.H. provided guidance for the evolutionary analysis. N.W. assisted in the manuscript preparation and genetic aspects of the Ribo-seq analysis. C.J.P. assisted with sequencing. J.M.P. C.Q.E.L. A.G. J.C. J.P.K. and K.T. provided samples collection and expertise in cell culture. L.H. provided in-depth feedback during the manuscript preparation and provided expertise in smORF detection. Having provided an equal contribution toward this work, the first and senior authors are listed in an arbitrary order. S.S. and S.A.C. are co-founders and shareholders of Enleofen Bio Pte Ltd. O.J.L.R. and J.M.P. are SAB members and shareholders of Mogrify Ltd. All other authors declare no competing interests. Funding Information: We thank Dr. Dennis Kappei for providing expert feedback on proteomics analysis. This work was supported by the Open Fund -Young Individual Research Grant ( OFYIRG18nov-0014 ), Duke-NUS-GCR/2018/0017A Grant, and the Academic Clinical Programme Charles Toh Cardiovascular Fellowship Award to S. Schafer. The work was also supported by a Singapore National Research Foundation (NRF) Competitive Research Programme (CRP) grant ( NRF-CRP20-2017-0002 ) and National Medical Research Council (NMRC) Young Investigators Research Grant (YIRG) ( NMRC/OFYIRG/0022/2016 ) awarded to O. Rackham. L.H. is supported by NRF-NRFF2017-05 and HHMI IRSP 55008732 . Publisher Copyright: © 2022 Elsevier Inc.
Keywords: Ribo-seq, Ribosome profiling, dORFs, lncRNAs, smORFs, translation, uORFs, untranslated regions

Identifiers

Local EPrints ID: 469988
URI: http://eprints.soton.ac.uk/id/eprint/469988
ISSN: 1097-2765
PURE UUID: c25ad0ae-0cf0-41ff-9101-8038f1ae8e34
ORCID for Owen J.l. Rackham: ORCID iD orcid.org/0000-0002-4390-0872

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Date deposited: 29 Sep 2022 16:48
Last modified: 17 Mar 2024 07:29

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Contributors

Author: Sonia P. Chothani
Author: Eleonora Adami
Author: Anissa A. Widjaja
Author: Sarah R. Langley
Author: Sivakumar Viswanathan
Author: Chee Jian Pua
Author: Nevin Tham Zhihao
Author: Nathan Harmston
Author: Giuseppe D’agostino
Author: Nicola Whiffin
Author: Wang Mao
Author: John F. Ouyang
Author: Wei Wen Lim
Author: Shiqi Lim
Author: Cheryl Q.e. Lee
Author: Alexandra Grubman
Author: Joseph Chen
Author: J.p. Kovalik
Author: Karl Tryggvason
Author: Jose M. Polo
Author: Lena Ho
Author: Stuart A. Cook
Author: Sebastian Schafer

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