The association between dietary trajectories across childhood and blood pressure in early adolescence: the Longitudinal Study of Australian Children
The association between dietary trajectories across childhood and blood pressure in early adolescence: the Longitudinal Study of Australian Children
Background: cardio-metabolic risk factors, including hypertension, are increasingly appearing in childhood. The aims of this study were to examine the associations between dietary trajectories across childhood and subsequent blood pressure (BP) at age 10/11, and to further determine whether these associations were explained by BMI or fat mass.
Methods: data from 4360 participants from the Longitudinal Study of Australian Children were analysed. Dietary scores were computed based on similarity of intake to the Australian Dietary Guidelines. Group-based trajectory modelling was used to identify distinct dietary trajectories based on participant’s individual dietary scores at up to four timepoints between age 4 and 11. Linear regression models examined the associations between dietary trajectories and BP measured at age 10/11. Models were adjusted for relevant covariates, and BMI or fat mass.
Results: four dietary trajectories were identified: “never healthy” (4.3%); “moderately healthy” (23.1%); “becoming less healthy” (14.2%); and “always healthy” (58.4%). Children in the “always healthy” trajectory had a lower systolic (−2.19 mmHg; 95% CI −3.78, −0.59) and diastolic BP (−1.71; −2.95, −0.47), compared with children in the “never healthy” trajectory after covariate adjustment. These associations were attenuated after additional adjustment for BMI or fat mass, but remained significant for diastolic BP.
Conclusions: a dietary trajectory mostly aligned with the Australian Dietary Guidelines across childhood was associated with slightly lower BP at age 10/11, which was not fully explained by BMI or fat mass. These findings support the need to encourage and enable healthy dietary habits early in childhood to attenuate the increasing burden of cardio-metabolic disease.
677-683
Cosier, Denelle
27572cb6-5a48-4e25-ad48-c782700494a9
Charlton, Karen
e116858c-35d9-440c-a075-95a343cad09f
Schoenaker, Danielle
84b96b87-4070-45a5-9777-5a1e4e45e818
June 2023
Cosier, Denelle
27572cb6-5a48-4e25-ad48-c782700494a9
Charlton, Karen
e116858c-35d9-440c-a075-95a343cad09f
Schoenaker, Danielle
84b96b87-4070-45a5-9777-5a1e4e45e818
Cosier, Denelle, Charlton, Karen and Schoenaker, Danielle
(2023)
The association between dietary trajectories across childhood and blood pressure in early adolescence: the Longitudinal Study of Australian Children.
European Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 77 (6), .
(doi:10.1038/s41430-023-01274-y).
Abstract
Background: cardio-metabolic risk factors, including hypertension, are increasingly appearing in childhood. The aims of this study were to examine the associations between dietary trajectories across childhood and subsequent blood pressure (BP) at age 10/11, and to further determine whether these associations were explained by BMI or fat mass.
Methods: data from 4360 participants from the Longitudinal Study of Australian Children were analysed. Dietary scores were computed based on similarity of intake to the Australian Dietary Guidelines. Group-based trajectory modelling was used to identify distinct dietary trajectories based on participant’s individual dietary scores at up to four timepoints between age 4 and 11. Linear regression models examined the associations between dietary trajectories and BP measured at age 10/11. Models were adjusted for relevant covariates, and BMI or fat mass.
Results: four dietary trajectories were identified: “never healthy” (4.3%); “moderately healthy” (23.1%); “becoming less healthy” (14.2%); and “always healthy” (58.4%). Children in the “always healthy” trajectory had a lower systolic (−2.19 mmHg; 95% CI −3.78, −0.59) and diastolic BP (−1.71; −2.95, −0.47), compared with children in the “never healthy” trajectory after covariate adjustment. These associations were attenuated after additional adjustment for BMI or fat mass, but remained significant for diastolic BP.
Conclusions: a dietary trajectory mostly aligned with the Australian Dietary Guidelines across childhood was associated with slightly lower BP at age 10/11, which was not fully explained by BMI or fat mass. These findings support the need to encourage and enable healthy dietary habits early in childhood to attenuate the increasing burden of cardio-metabolic disease.
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Accepted/In Press date: 30 January 2023
e-pub ahead of print date: 16 February 2023
Published date: June 2023
Additional Information:
Funding Information:
DS is supported by the National Institute for Health and Social Care Research (NIHR) Southampton Biomedical Research Centre [IS-BRC-1215-20004]). The views expressed are those of the author(s) and not necessarily those of the NIHR or the Department of Health and Social Care.
Funding Information:
This article uses unit record data from Growing Up in Australia, the Longitudinal Study of Australian Children. The study is conducted in partnership between the Department of Social Services, the Australian Institute of Family Studies and the Australian Bureau of Statistics. The findings and views reported in this paper are solely those of the authors.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2023, The Author(s).
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Local EPrints ID: 475698
URI: http://eprints.soton.ac.uk/id/eprint/475698
ISSN: 0954-3007
PURE UUID: f12862cc-a483-482e-a8aa-4bd6afb2f5df
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Date deposited: 24 Mar 2023 18:00
Last modified: 17 Mar 2024 04:01
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Author:
Denelle Cosier
Author:
Karen Charlton
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