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The identification of distinct protective and susceptibility mechanisms for hip osteoarthritis: findings from a genome-wide association study meta-analysis of minimum joint space width and Mendelian randomisation cluster analyses

The identification of distinct protective and susceptibility mechanisms for hip osteoarthritis: findings from a genome-wide association study meta-analysis of minimum joint space width and Mendelian randomisation cluster analyses
The identification of distinct protective and susceptibility mechanisms for hip osteoarthritis: findings from a genome-wide association study meta-analysis of minimum joint space width and Mendelian randomisation cluster analyses
Background: hip minimum joint space width (mJSW) provides a proxy for cartilage thickness. This study aimed to conduct a genome-wide association study (GWAS) of mJSW to (i) identify new genetic determinants of mJSW and (ii) identify which mJSW loci convey hip osteoarthritis (HOA) risk and would therefore be of therapeutic interest.

Methods: GWAS meta-analysis of hip mJSW derived from plain X-rays and DXA was performed, stratified by sex and adjusted for age and ancestry principal components. Mendelian randomisation (MR) and cluster analyses were used to examine causal effect of mJSW on HOA.

Findings: 50,745 individuals were included in the meta-analysis. 42 SNPs, which mapped to 39 loci, were identified. Mendelian randomisation (MR) revealed little evidence of a causal effect of mJSW on HOA (〖OR〗_IVW 0.98 [95% CI 0.82-1.18]). However, MR-Clust analysis suggested the null MR estimates reflected the net effect of two distinct causal mechanisms cancelling each other out, one of which was protective, whereas the other increased HOA susceptibility. For the latter mechanism, all loci were positively associated with height, suggesting mechanisms leading to greater height and mJSW increase the risk of HOA in later life.

Interpretations: one group of mJSW loci reduce HOA risk via increased mJSW, suggesting possible utility as targets for chondroprotective therapies. The second group of mJSW loci increased HOA risk, despite increasing mJSW, but were also positively related to height, suggesting they contribute to HOA risk via a growth-related mechanism.
Cartilage, Genome-wide association study, Mendelian randomisation, Osteoarthritis
2352-3964
Faber, Benjamin G.
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Frysz, Monika
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Boer, Cindy G.
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Evans, Daniel S.
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Ebsim, Raja
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Flynn, Kaitlyn A.
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Lundberg, Mischa
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Southam, Lorraine
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Hartley, April
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Saunders, Fiona R.
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Lindner, Claudia
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Gregory, Jennifer S.
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Aspden, Richard M.
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Lane, Nancy E.
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Harvey, Nicholas
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Evans, David M.
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Zeggini, Eleftheria
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Davey-Smith, George
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Cootes, Timothy
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van Meurs, Joyce B.
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Kemp, John P.
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Tobias, Jonathan H.
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Faber, Benjamin G.
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Frysz, Monika
bda9e219-ca28-43e4-babd-81f2d91ca3e4
Boer, Cindy G.
688bdc35-7d58-476a-9616-369509ec5383
Evans, Daniel S.
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Ebsim, Raja
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Flynn, Kaitlyn A.
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Lundberg, Mischa
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Southam, Lorraine
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Hartley, April
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Saunders, Fiona R.
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Lindner, Claudia
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Gregory, Jennifer S.
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Aspden, Richard M.
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Lane, Nancy E.
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Harvey, Nicholas
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Evans, David M.
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Zeggini, Eleftheria
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Davey-Smith, George
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Cootes, Timothy
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van Meurs, Joyce B.
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Kemp, John P.
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Tobias, Jonathan H.
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Faber, Benjamin G., Frysz, Monika, Boer, Cindy G., Evans, Daniel S., Ebsim, Raja, Flynn, Kaitlyn A., Lundberg, Mischa, Southam, Lorraine, Hartley, April, Saunders, Fiona R., Lindner, Claudia, Gregory, Jennifer S., Aspden, Richard M., Lane, Nancy E., Harvey, Nicholas, Evans, David M., Zeggini, Eleftheria, Davey-Smith, George, Cootes, Timothy, van Meurs, Joyce B., Kemp, John P. and Tobias, Jonathan H. (2023) The identification of distinct protective and susceptibility mechanisms for hip osteoarthritis: findings from a genome-wide association study meta-analysis of minimum joint space width and Mendelian randomisation cluster analyses. EBioMedicine, 95, [104759]. (doi:10.1016/j.ebiom.2023.104759).

Record type: Article

Abstract

Background: hip minimum joint space width (mJSW) provides a proxy for cartilage thickness. This study aimed to conduct a genome-wide association study (GWAS) of mJSW to (i) identify new genetic determinants of mJSW and (ii) identify which mJSW loci convey hip osteoarthritis (HOA) risk and would therefore be of therapeutic interest.

Methods: GWAS meta-analysis of hip mJSW derived from plain X-rays and DXA was performed, stratified by sex and adjusted for age and ancestry principal components. Mendelian randomisation (MR) and cluster analyses were used to examine causal effect of mJSW on HOA.

Findings: 50,745 individuals were included in the meta-analysis. 42 SNPs, which mapped to 39 loci, were identified. Mendelian randomisation (MR) revealed little evidence of a causal effect of mJSW on HOA (〖OR〗_IVW 0.98 [95% CI 0.82-1.18]). However, MR-Clust analysis suggested the null MR estimates reflected the net effect of two distinct causal mechanisms cancelling each other out, one of which was protective, whereas the other increased HOA susceptibility. For the latter mechanism, all loci were positively associated with height, suggesting mechanisms leading to greater height and mJSW increase the risk of HOA in later life.

Interpretations: one group of mJSW loci reduce HOA risk via increased mJSW, suggesting possible utility as targets for chondroprotective therapies. The second group of mJSW loci increased HOA risk, despite increasing mJSW, but were also positively related to height, suggesting they contribute to HOA risk via a growth-related mechanism.

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mJSW GWAS manuscript revised CLEAN 2.8.23 - Accepted Manuscript
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Accepted/In Press date: 2 August 2023
e-pub ahead of print date: 22 August 2023
Published date: September 2023
Additional Information: Funding Information: No funders had any role in study design or manuscript writing. BGF is a National Institute of Health and Care Research Academic Clinical Lecturer and was previously supported by a Medical Research Council (MRC) clinical research training fellowship ( MR/S021280/1 ). MF, RE, FS are supported, and this work is funded by a Wellcome Trust collaborative award (reference number 209233 ). ML is supported by a University of Queensland Research Training Scholarship from The University of Queensland (UQ). ML thanks the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation for the support through a Postgraduate Top-Up Scholarship. CL was funded by the MRC (MR/S00405X/1) as well as a Sir Henry Dale Fellowship jointly funded by the Wellcome Trust and the Royal Society ( 223267/Z/21/Z ). This research was funded in whole, or in part, by the Wellcome Trust [Grant numbers 080280/Z/06/Z , 20378/Z/16/Z , 223267/Z/21/Z ]. For the purpose of open access, the authors have applied a CC BY public copyright licence to any Author Accepted Manuscript version arising from this submission. NCH acknowledges support from the MRC ( MC_PC_21003 ; MC_PC_21001 ) and NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton . BGF, MF, AEH, GDS, JHT work in the MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol , which is supported by the MRC (MC_UU_00011/1). JPK is funded by a National Health and Medical Research Council (Australia) Investigator grant ( GNT1177938 ), and by the Lions Medical Research Foundation (2020 Lions Dunning-Orlich Investigator Award). DSE acknowledges funding from NIH / NIA U24AG051129 . The Osteoporotic Fractures in Men (MrOS) Study is supported by National Institute of Health funding from the following institutes: the National Institute on Aging (NIA), the National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (NIAMS), the National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS), and NIH Roadmap for Medical Research under the following grant numbers: R01 AR052000 , K24 AR048841 , U01 AG027810 , U01 AG042124 , U01 AG042139 , U01 AG042140 , U01 AG042143 , U01 AG042145 , U01 AG042168 , U01 AR066160 , and UL1 TR000128 . The Study of Osteoporotic Fractures ( SOF ) is supported by National Institutes of Health funding. The National Institute on Aging (NIA) provides support under the following grant numbers: R01 AG005407 , R01 AR3 5582 , R01 AR35583 , R01 AR35584 , R01 AG005394 , R01 AG027574 , and R01 AG027576 . Funding Information: Primarily funded by the Medical Research Council and Wellcome Trust.This work has been conducted using the UK Biobank resource (application number 17295). The authors would like to thank the study participants, the staff from the Rotterdam Study and the participating general practitioners and pharmacists. The generation and management of GWAS genotype data for the Rotterdam Study (RSI & RSII) was executed by the Human Genotyping Facility of the Genetic Laboratory of the Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. The authors would like to thank Pascal Arp, Mila Jhamai, Marijn Verkerk, and Carolina Medina-Gomez, MSc, for their help in creating the GWAS database, and Linda Broer PhD, for the creation of the imputed data. No funders had any role in study design or manuscript writing. BGF is a National Institute of Health and Care Research Academic Clinical Lecturer and was previously supported by a Medical Research Council (MRC) clinical research training fellowship (MR/S021280/1). MF, RE, FS are supported, and this work is funded by a Wellcome Trust collaborative award (reference number 209233). ML is supported by a University of Queensland Research Training Scholarship from The University of Queensland (UQ). ML thanks the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation for the support through a Postgraduate Top-Up Scholarship. CL was funded by the MRC (MR/S00405X/1) as well as a Sir Henry Dale Fellowship jointly funded by the Wellcome Trust and the Royal Society (223267/Z/21/Z). This research was funded in whole, or in part, by the Wellcome Trust [Grant numbers 080280/Z/06/Z, 20378/Z/16/Z, 223267/Z/21/Z]. For the purpose of open access, the authors have applied a CC BY public copyright licence to any Author Accepted Manuscript version arising from this submission. NCH acknowledges support from the MRC (MC_PC_21003; MC_PC_21001) and NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton. BGF, MF, AEH, GDS, JHT work in the MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, which is supported by the MRC (MC_UU_00011/1). JPK is funded by a National Health and Medical Research Council (Australia) Investigator grant (GNT1177938), and by the Lions Medical Research Foundation (2020 Lions Dunning-Orlich Investigator Award). DSE acknowledges funding from NIH/NIA U24AG051129. The Osteoporotic Fractures in Men (MrOS) Study is supported by National Institute of Health funding from the following institutes: the National Institute on Aging (NIA), the National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (NIAMS), the National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS), and NIH Roadmap for Medical Research under the following grant numbers: R01 AR052000, K24 AR048841, U01 AG027810, U01 AG042124, U01 AG042139, U01 AG042140, U01 AG042143, U01 AG042145, U01 AG042168, U01 AR066160, and UL1 TR000128. The Study of Osteoporotic Fractures (SOF) is supported by National Institutes of Health funding. The National Institute on Aging (NIA) provides support under the following grant numbers: R01 AG005407, R01 AR3 5582, R01 AR35583, R01 AR35584, R01 AG005394, R01 AG027574, and R01 AG027576. Publisher Copyright: © 2023 The Author(s)
Keywords: Cartilage, Genome-wide association study, Mendelian randomisation, Osteoarthritis

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Local EPrints ID: 480989
URI: http://eprints.soton.ac.uk/id/eprint/480989
ISSN: 2352-3964
PURE UUID: 4d0e9e54-174f-4049-a35f-2af4c81c6420
ORCID for Nicholas Harvey: ORCID iD orcid.org/0000-0002-8194-2512

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Date deposited: 14 Aug 2023 16:50
Last modified: 18 Mar 2024 02:59

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Contributors

Author: Benjamin G. Faber
Author: Monika Frysz
Author: Cindy G. Boer
Author: Daniel S. Evans
Author: Raja Ebsim
Author: Kaitlyn A. Flynn
Author: Mischa Lundberg
Author: Lorraine Southam
Author: April Hartley
Author: Fiona R. Saunders
Author: Claudia Lindner
Author: Jennifer S. Gregory
Author: Richard M. Aspden
Author: Nancy E. Lane
Author: Nicholas Harvey ORCID iD
Author: David M. Evans
Author: Eleftheria Zeggini
Author: George Davey-Smith
Author: Timothy Cootes
Author: Joyce B. van Meurs
Author: John P. Kemp
Author: Jonathan H. Tobias

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