Biodiversity, biogeography, and connectivity of polychaetes in the world's largest marine minerals exploration frontier

Accepted/In Press date: 27 February 2023

Published date: June 2023

Additional Information: Funding Information: We thank the masters, crew and technical staff on the RV Melville, RV Thomas G Thompson, M/V Pacific Constructor, M/V Mt. Mitchell and RV Sonne for their outstanding support. This research was supported by funding from UK Seabed Resources Ltd to the ABYSSLINE project (Lead PI C. R. Smith) and the Natural Environmental Research Council grants NE/S007210/1 and 'SMARTEX - Seabed Mining and Resilience to experimental Impact' NE/T002913/1, with additional support from the JPI-Oceans programme (Swedish Research Council FORMAS grant # 210-2014-1737 and The Norwegian Research Council for JPIO MiningImpact II grant #290931), and Portuguese funds through FCT—Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia, within the special support to the pilot action “Ecological aspects of deep-sea mining”. Financial support was also provided by FCT/MCTES to CESAM (UIDP/50017/2020+UIDB/50017/2020+LA/P/0094/2020) and its team through national funds. ECDS was also funded by the Natural Environmental Research Grant NE/S007210/1. AR was funded by national funds (OE), through FCT, I.P., in the scope of the framework contract foreseen in the numbers 4, 5 and 6 of the article 23, of the Decree-Law 57/2016, of August 29, changed by Law 57/2017, of July 19. ST received funding from the grant PID2020-117115GA-100 funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/50110001103 and from the grant PID2020-117115GA-100 funded by the MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and by the Ramón y Cajal grant RYC2021-03152-I, funded by the MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and the European Union «NextGenerationEU»/PRTR». EP and BDS were funded by a service agreement between Ghent University and Global Sea Mineral Resources NV. We acknowledge the continued support from the NHM-UK Consultancy team (Harry Rousham, Robyn Fryer, Kate Rowland). We received help sorting and sieving samples at sea from Magdalena Georgieva and Madeleine Brasier, and the entire ABYSSLINE science team in successful deep-sea coring operations. Funding Information: We thank the masters, crew and technical staff on the RV , RV , M/V , M/V and RV for their outstanding support. This research was supported by funding from UK Seabed Resources Ltd to the ABYSSLINE project (Lead PI C. R. Smith) and the Natural Environmental Research Council grants NE/S007210/1 and 'SMARTEX ‐ Seabed Mining and Resilience to experimental Impact' NE/T002913/1, with additional support from the JPI‐Oceans programme (Swedish Research Council FORMAS grant # 210‐2014‐1737 and The Norwegian Research Council for JPIO MiningImpact II grant #290931), and Portuguese funds through FCT—Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia, within the special support to the pilot action “Ecological aspects of deep‐sea mining”. Financial support was also provided by FCT/MCTES to CESAM (UIDP/50017/2020+UIDB/50017/2020+LA/P/0094/2020) and its team through national funds. ECDS was also funded by the Natural Environmental Research Grant NE/S007210/1. AR was funded by national funds (OE), through FCT, I.P., in the scope of the framework contract foreseen in the numbers 4, 5 and 6 of the article 23, of the Decree‐Law 57/2016, of August 29, changed by Law 57/2017, of July 19. ST received funding from the grant PID2020‐117115GA‐100 funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/50110001103 and from the grant PID2020‐117115GA‐100 funded by the MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and by the Ramón y Cajal grant RYC2021‐03152‐I, funded by the MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and the European Union «NextGenerationEU»/PRTR». EP and BDS were funded by a service agreement between Ghent University and Global Sea Mineral Resources NV. We acknowledge the continued support from the NHM‐UK Consultancy team (Harry Rousham, Robyn Fryer, Kate Rowland). We received help sorting and sieving samples at sea from Magdalena Georgieva and Madeleine Brasier, and the entire ABYSSLINE science team in successful deep‐sea coring operations. Melville Thomas G Thompson Pacific Constructor Mt. Mitchell Sonne Funding Information: All study areas are located within the Clarion‐Clipperton Zone (CCZ) in the northeast equatorial Pacific Ocean, at depths from 3932 to 5055 m (Figure 1 ). The CCZ displays gradients in environmental conditions, including surface primary productivity and seafloor sediment characteristics (Washburn, Jones, et al., 2021 ), with changes occurring across an east‐west and north‐south axis. Mining exploration contracts from the ISA, as well as reserve areas and areas protected from mining, extend from 115°W to approximately 158°W, and from 22°N to 2.5°N. The exploration contract areas considered in this study were granted by the ISA to: the Federal Institute for Geosciences and Natural Resources of Germany (BGR, Germany); InterOceanMetal Joint Organisation (IOM, a country conglomerate involving Cuba, Bulgaria, Poland, the Russian Federation, Slovakia, and the Czech Republic); Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER, France); UK Seabed Resources Ltd (UK‐SRL, United Kingdom); Global Sea Mineral Resources NV (GSR, Belgium); and Ocean Mineral Singapore (OMS, Singapore). The ISA has also designated 13 APEIs as part of the REMP for the CCZ, of which two sites in APEI‐6 were considered for diversity analyses. One specimen which was opportunistically sampled from APEI‐7 was included in connectivity analyses (Figure 1 ). Publisher Copyright: © 2023 The Authors. Diversity and Distributions published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

Keywords: abyssal, beta diversity, biodiversity, biogeography, connectivity, deep-sea mining, phylogeny, polychaeta, polymetallic nodules, population genetics

Local EPrints ID: 481647

URI: http://eprints.soton.ac.uk/id/eprint/481647

DOI: doi:10.1111/ddi.13690

ISSN: 1472-4642

PURE UUID: 71c95ac4-8277-4891-87aa-738eaf364b47

ORCID for Eva C.D. Stewart: orcid.org/0000-0001-8383-5705

Date deposited: 05 Sep 2023 16:50

Last modified: 18 Mar 2024 04:02