The origins of major sessile cirripede groups; a revision of Cretaceous Brachylepadomorpha and Verrucomorpha

The taxonomy of Cretaceous cirripedes referred to the sessile orders Brachylepadomorpha and Verrucomorpha is revised. New taxa include the brachylepadid genera Crithmumlepas (type species C. hoensis sp. nov., C. aycliffensis sp. nov.) and Calvatilepas (type species C. recurvus sp. nov.). The family Pycnolepadidae nov. is established (constituent genera Pycnolepas, Faxelepas) and Pycnolepas batchelorum sp. nov. is described; a new eoverrucid species, E. barringtonensis sp. nov. is erected. Cladistic analysis of 48 characters of 18 operational taxonomic units, including 16 in-group sessile taxa yielded a consensus tree showing the strongly supported monophyly of Brachylepadomorpha + Verrucomorpha + Balanomorpha. It is recommended that the Order Brachylepadomorpha is abandoned, and its constituent families are identified as, respectively, stem group Verrucomorpha (Pycnolepadidae) and stem group Balanomorpha (Brachylepadidae). The sister-group relationship of Verrucomorpha and Balanomorpha, identified from many molecular studies, is confirmed from shell morphological data. The Neolepadoidea are shown to closely parallel the sessile adaptations of verrucomorphs and balanomorphs. The fossil record of key segments of cirripede evolution is demonstrated to be remarkably, and surprisingly, complete. http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:8F450F22-94BA-49D3-BAF9-A8377359D0E8.

Cretaceous, phylogeny, sessile, thoracican cirripedes

10.1080/14772019.2023.2258370

1477-2019

1-60

Gale, Andy S.

0610e098-3192-454f-897b-e0a17b1adf2e

Vidovic, Steven U.

abba74b7-4c91-4f08-b8f1-4d9e836a43e4

27 October 2023

Gale, Andy S.

0610e098-3192-454f-897b-e0a17b1adf2e

Vidovic, Steven U.

abba74b7-4c91-4f08-b8f1-4d9e836a43e4

Gale, Andy S. and Vidovic, Steven U. (2023) The origins of major sessile cirripede groups; a revision of Cretaceous Brachylepadomorpha and Verrucomorpha. Journal of Systematic Palaeontology, 21 (1), 1-60, [2258370]. (doi:10.1080/14772019.2023.2258370).

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Accepted/In Press date: 9 September 2023

Published date: 27 October 2023

Additional Information: Taxonomic actions: http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:8F450F22-94BA-49D3-BAF9-A8377359D0E8 Funding Information: ASG would like to thank Trevor and Rita Batchelor (Redhill) for sending the cirripede valves herein described as Pycnolepas batchelorum sp. nov. from the Bargate Formation of Surrey. Use of the SEM in the School of the Environment, Geography and Geological Sciences was enabled by Ben Trundley. Stijn Goolaerts (MNSB) kindly arranged for SEM photography of Verruca prisca, and searched, in vain, for Bosquet’s lost types. I also thank Jens Høeg for invaluable discussion about classification, and the referees (John Jagt and Jens Høeg) for their useful comments. We thank the Willi Hennig Society for making TNT freely available. For the purpose of Open Access, a Creative Commons Attribution license (CC BY) is applied to any Author Accepted Manuscript version arising from this submission. Publisher Copyright: © 2023 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.

Keywords: Cretaceous, phylogeny, sessile, thoracican cirripedes