Associations of predominant night-eating with plasma glycemic status and continuous glucose monitoring measures among pregnant women
Associations of predominant night-eating with plasma glycemic status and continuous glucose monitoring measures among pregnant women
Background & aims: to examine whether predominant night-eating, defined as more than 50% of total daily energy intake consumed between 1900 and 0659 h, is associated with glycemic outcomes in pregnancy.
Methods: this was a prospective cohort study of 277 healthy pregnant women with complete 4-day dietary intake records at 18–24 weeks gestation, recruited from KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore. Primary outcomes were fasting, 1-h, and 2-h plasma glucose after a 75-g oral glucose tolerance test at 24–28 weeks gestation. Secondary outcomes were gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), fasting insulin, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA2-IR), β-cell function (HOMA2-%B), and continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) measures. Glucose variables in continuous form were loge-transformed before analyses.
Results: predominant night-eating (11.6%) was associated with higher fasting glucose (geometric mean ratio (95% confidence interval) 1.05 (1.01, 1.08)) and 1-h glucose (1.11 (1.01, 1.21)), but not with 2-h glucose or GDM risk. Predominant night-eating women had lower fasting insulin (0.77 (0.63, 0.95)), lower HOMA2-IR (0.78 (0.64, 0.97)), and lower HOMA2-%B (0.77 (0.67, 0.89)) than their predominant day-eating counterparts. For CGM measures, predominant night-eating was associated with higher mean glucose (1.07 (1.00, 1.15)), higher glucose management indicator (1.05 (1.00, 1.10)), and higher overall glucose levels throughout 24 h (1.10 (1.02, 1.19)). All these associations were adjusted for socio-demographic, lifestyle factors, and diet composition.
Conclusion: predominant night-eating was mainly associated with less desirable glycemic outcomes during pregnancy. Future studies should explore dietary interventions aimed at reducing consumption of relatively more calories at night than day during pregnancy.
Chrononutrition, Continuous glucose monitoring, Diabetes, Night-eating, Pregnancy, Diabetes, Gestational, Prospective Studies, Humans, Insulin, Blood Glucose/analysis, Pregnant Women, Blood Glucose Self-Monitoring, Female, Child
2320-2327
Loy, See Ling
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Ku, Chee Wai
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Zheng, Ruther Teo
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Lim, Celeste Hong Fei
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Chang, Ting Yu
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Chen, Ling Wei
eebfa3f4-1453-44f3-87ca-1a25928538b1
Cheung, Yin Bun
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Godfrey, Keith M.
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Tan, Kok Hian
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Chong, Mary Foong Fong
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Chan, Jerry Kok Yen
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Lek, Ngee
517c4b9b-b6c9-4625-9db4-fd2b228b1755
Yap, Fabian
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December 2023
Loy, See Ling
6fd10b64-1de2-419e-a5f4-b505be233e6e
Ku, Chee Wai
dfc052e9-1c22-473f-b11d-ed82b15b9ca6
Zheng, Ruther Teo
ba20261a-27fb-45c0-beb5-bb2635086019
Lim, Celeste Hong Fei
83e2818b-d272-43d2-97d4-84b2f75ab9ee
Chang, Ting Yu
9c12c0c1-6c4a-49aa-bc59-a05c2b094767
Chen, Ling Wei
eebfa3f4-1453-44f3-87ca-1a25928538b1
Cheung, Yin Bun
c9beaf35-87d8-47f0-b41e-729e7820f991
Godfrey, Keith M.
0931701e-fe2c-44b5-8f0d-ec5c7477a6fd
Tan, Kok Hian
4714c94d-334a-42ad-b879-f3aa3a931def
Chong, Mary Foong Fong
1e188259-b1ab-4448-9e65-5b6a0fd99502
Chan, Jerry Kok Yen
42e59d61-c3d1-486b-b33a-22c4645acf12
Lek, Ngee
517c4b9b-b6c9-4625-9db4-fd2b228b1755
Yap, Fabian
166590c9-89d7-41e3-ab73-1c555b39c3bf
Loy, See Ling, Ku, Chee Wai, Zheng, Ruther Teo, Lim, Celeste Hong Fei, Chang, Ting Yu, Chen, Ling Wei, Cheung, Yin Bun, Godfrey, Keith M., Tan, Kok Hian, Chong, Mary Foong Fong, Chan, Jerry Kok Yen, Lek, Ngee and Yap, Fabian
(2023)
Associations of predominant night-eating with plasma glycemic status and continuous glucose monitoring measures among pregnant women.
Clinical Nutrition, 42 (12), .
(doi:10.1016/j.clnu.2023.10.009).
Abstract
Background & aims: to examine whether predominant night-eating, defined as more than 50% of total daily energy intake consumed between 1900 and 0659 h, is associated with glycemic outcomes in pregnancy.
Methods: this was a prospective cohort study of 277 healthy pregnant women with complete 4-day dietary intake records at 18–24 weeks gestation, recruited from KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore. Primary outcomes were fasting, 1-h, and 2-h plasma glucose after a 75-g oral glucose tolerance test at 24–28 weeks gestation. Secondary outcomes were gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), fasting insulin, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA2-IR), β-cell function (HOMA2-%B), and continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) measures. Glucose variables in continuous form were loge-transformed before analyses.
Results: predominant night-eating (11.6%) was associated with higher fasting glucose (geometric mean ratio (95% confidence interval) 1.05 (1.01, 1.08)) and 1-h glucose (1.11 (1.01, 1.21)), but not with 2-h glucose or GDM risk. Predominant night-eating women had lower fasting insulin (0.77 (0.63, 0.95)), lower HOMA2-IR (0.78 (0.64, 0.97)), and lower HOMA2-%B (0.77 (0.67, 0.89)) than their predominant day-eating counterparts. For CGM measures, predominant night-eating was associated with higher mean glucose (1.07 (1.00, 1.15)), higher glucose management indicator (1.05 (1.00, 1.10)), and higher overall glucose levels throughout 24 h (1.10 (1.02, 1.19)). All these associations were adjusted for socio-demographic, lifestyle factors, and diet composition.
Conclusion: predominant night-eating was mainly associated with less desirable glycemic outcomes during pregnancy. Future studies should explore dietary interventions aimed at reducing consumption of relatively more calories at night than day during pregnancy.
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Accepted/In Press date: 6 October 2023
e-pub ahead of print date: 11 October 2023
Published date: December 2023
Additional Information:
Funding Information:
This work was supported by the Singapore Ministry of Health's National Medical Research Council under its Open Fund-Young Individual Research Grant ( NMRC/OFYIRG/0082/2018 ). CWK and JKYC are supported by the National Medical Research Council, Ministry of Health , Singapore ( NMRC/MOH-000596-00 and NMRC/CSA–SI–008-2016 , MOH-001266-01 , MOH-001221-01 and MOH-000932-01 , respectively). KMG is supported by the UK Medical Research Council ( MC_UU_12011/4 ), the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR Senior Investigator (NF–SI-0515-10042) and NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre ( IS-BRC-1215-20004 )), the European Union (Erasmus+ Programme ImpENSA 598488-EPP-1-2018-1-DE-EPPKA2-CBHE-JP) and the British Heart Foundation ( RG/15/17/3174 , SP/F/21/150013 ). The funding sources had no role in the design and conduct of the study; collection, management, analysis, and interpretation of the data; preparation, review, or approval of the manuscript; and decision to submit the manuscript for publication.
For the purpose of Open Access, the author has applied a Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license to any Author Accepted Manuscript version arising from this submission.
Crown Copyright © 2023. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Keywords:
Chrononutrition, Continuous glucose monitoring, Diabetes, Night-eating, Pregnancy, Diabetes, Gestational, Prospective Studies, Humans, Insulin, Blood Glucose/analysis, Pregnant Women, Blood Glucose Self-Monitoring, Female, Child
Identifiers
Local EPrints ID: 484417
URI: http://eprints.soton.ac.uk/id/eprint/484417
ISSN: 0261-5614
PURE UUID: 8fb3eb7a-cf8f-4c9f-a260-3369ffa97664
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Date deposited: 16 Nov 2023 11:55
Last modified: 18 Mar 2024 02:38
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Contributors
Author:
See Ling Loy
Author:
Chee Wai Ku
Author:
Ruther Teo Zheng
Author:
Celeste Hong Fei Lim
Author:
Ting Yu Chang
Author:
Ling Wei Chen
Author:
Yin Bun Cheung
Author:
Kok Hian Tan
Author:
Mary Foong Fong Chong
Author:
Jerry Kok Yen Chan
Author:
Ngee Lek
Author:
Fabian Yap
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