Pyne, Sarah, Sach, Tracey H., Lawrence, Megan, Renz, Susanne, Eminton, Zina, Stuart, Beth, Thomas, Kim S, Francis, Nick, Soulsby, Irene, Thomas, Karen, Permyakova, Natalia V., Ridd, Matthew J., Little, Paul, Muller, Ingrid, Nuttall, Jacqui, Griffiths, Gareth, Layton, Alison M. and Santer, Miriam (2023) Cost-effectiveness of Spironolactone for Adult Female Acne (SAFA): economic evaluation alongside a randomised controlled trial. BMJ Open, 13 (12), [e073245]. (doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2023-073245).
Abstract
Objective: this study aims to estimate the cost-effectiveness of oral spironolactone plus routine topical treatment compared with routine topical treatment alone for persistent acne in adult women from a British NHS perspective over 24-weeks.
Design: economic evaluation undertaken alongside a pragmatic, parallel, double-blind, randomised trial.
Setting: primary and secondary healthcare, community and social media advertising.
Participants: women ≥18 years with persistent facial acne judged to warrant oral antibiotic treatment.
Interventions: participants were randomised 1:1 to 50 mg/day spironolactone (increasing to 100mg/day after 6 weeks) or matched placebo until week-24. Participants in both groups could continue topical treatment.
Main outcome measures: cost-utility analysis assessed incremental cost per Quality-Adjusted Life Year (QALY) using the EQ-5D-5L. Cost-effectiveness analysis estimated incremental cost per unit change on the Acne-QoL symptom subscale. Adjusted analysis included randomisation stratification variables (centre, baseline severity [IGA <3 versus ≥3]), and baseline variables (Acne-QoL symptom subscale score, resource use costs, EQ-5D score and use of topical treatments).
Results: spironolactone did not appear cost-effective in the complete case analysis (n=126 spironolactone, n=109 control), compared with no active systemic treatment (adjusted incremental cost per QALY £67,191; unadjusted £34,770). Incremental cost per QALY was £27,879 (adjusted), just below the upper National Institute for Health and Care Excellence’s (NICE) threshold value of £30,000, where multiple imputation took account of missing data. Incremental cost per QALY for other sensitivity analyses varied around the base-case, highlighting the degree of uncertainty. The adjusted incremental cost per point change on the Acne-QoL symptom subscale for spironolactone compared with no active systemic treatment was £38.21 (complete case analysis).
Conclusions: the results demonstrate a high level of uncertainty, particularly with respect to estimates of incremental QALYs. Compared with no active systemic treatment, spironolactone was estimated to be marginally cost-effective where multiple imputation was performed but was not cost-effective in complete case analysis.
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