3D/4D printing of cellulose nanocrystals-based biomaterials: additives for sustainable applications
3D/4D printing of cellulose nanocrystals-based biomaterials: additives for sustainable applications
Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) have gained significant attraction from both industrial and academic sectors, thanks to their biodegradability, non-toxicity, and renewability with remarkable mechanical characteristics. Desirable mechanical characteristics of CNCs include high stiffness, high strength, excellent flexibility, and large surface-to-volume ratio. Additionally, the mechanical properties of CNCs can be tailored through chemical modifications for high-end applications including tissue engineering, actuating, and biomedical. Modern manufacturing methods including 3D/4D printing are highly advantageous for developing sophisticated and intricate geometries. This review highlights the major developments of additive manufactured CNCs, which promote sustainable solutions across a wide range of applications. Additionally, this contribution also presents current challenges and future research directions of CNC-based composites developed through 3D/4D printing techniques for myriad engineering sectors including tissue engineering, wound healing, wearable electronics, robotics, and anti-counterfeiting applications. Overall, this review will greatly help research scientists from chemistry, materials, biomedicine, and other disciplines to comprehend the underlying principles, mechanical properties, and applications of additively manufactured CNC-based structures.
3D/4D printing, Additive manufacturing, Cellulose nanocrystals, Nanocellulose, Sustainable materials
Khalid, Muhammad Yasir
156549c9-dd36-42d8-a9d1-8118a3286d3f
Arif, Zia Ullah
49914102-f4f6-417f-9881-22a80015dedf
Noroozi, Reza
73bcdd80-ae09-4acd-b461-97cc4a528727
Hossain, Mokarram
67bb0446-f78a-4021-b2b9-3d95fce006f9
Ramakrishna, Seeram
81b48cac-c096-4e00-bae2-595e05eaba99
Umer, Rehan
cdf372ed-5abe-46be-a34a-9107d8813ac3
17 August 2023
Khalid, Muhammad Yasir
156549c9-dd36-42d8-a9d1-8118a3286d3f
Arif, Zia Ullah
49914102-f4f6-417f-9881-22a80015dedf
Noroozi, Reza
73bcdd80-ae09-4acd-b461-97cc4a528727
Hossain, Mokarram
67bb0446-f78a-4021-b2b9-3d95fce006f9
Ramakrishna, Seeram
81b48cac-c096-4e00-bae2-595e05eaba99
Umer, Rehan
cdf372ed-5abe-46be-a34a-9107d8813ac3
Khalid, Muhammad Yasir, Arif, Zia Ullah, Noroozi, Reza, Hossain, Mokarram, Ramakrishna, Seeram and Umer, Rehan
(2023)
3D/4D printing of cellulose nanocrystals-based biomaterials: additives for sustainable applications.
International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 251, [126287].
(doi:10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.126287).
Abstract
Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) have gained significant attraction from both industrial and academic sectors, thanks to their biodegradability, non-toxicity, and renewability with remarkable mechanical characteristics. Desirable mechanical characteristics of CNCs include high stiffness, high strength, excellent flexibility, and large surface-to-volume ratio. Additionally, the mechanical properties of CNCs can be tailored through chemical modifications for high-end applications including tissue engineering, actuating, and biomedical. Modern manufacturing methods including 3D/4D printing are highly advantageous for developing sophisticated and intricate geometries. This review highlights the major developments of additive manufactured CNCs, which promote sustainable solutions across a wide range of applications. Additionally, this contribution also presents current challenges and future research directions of CNC-based composites developed through 3D/4D printing techniques for myriad engineering sectors including tissue engineering, wound healing, wearable electronics, robotics, and anti-counterfeiting applications. Overall, this review will greatly help research scientists from chemistry, materials, biomedicine, and other disciplines to comprehend the underlying principles, mechanical properties, and applications of additively manufactured CNC-based structures.
Text
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Accepted/In Press date: 9 August 2023
e-pub ahead of print date: 11 August 2023
Published date: 17 August 2023
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Funding Information:
This work was not supported by any funding.
Keywords:
3D/4D printing, Additive manufacturing, Cellulose nanocrystals, Nanocellulose, Sustainable materials
Identifiers
Local EPrints ID: 488082
URI: http://eprints.soton.ac.uk/id/eprint/488082
ISSN: 0141-8130
PURE UUID: 71b6ea03-4634-41b7-a958-953e14b30c2e
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Date deposited: 15 Mar 2024 17:31
Last modified: 18 Mar 2024 04:14
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Contributors
Author:
Muhammad Yasir Khalid
Author:
Zia Ullah Arif
Author:
Reza Noroozi
Author:
Mokarram Hossain
Author:
Seeram Ramakrishna
Author:
Rehan Umer
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