Wavelet transform aided single-carrier FDMA with index modulation
Wavelet transform aided single-carrier FDMA with index modulation
Single-carrier frequency-division multiple access (SC-FDMA) is a well-known multiuser transmission method for uplink communications owing to its low peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) characteristics. Simultaneously, index modulation (IM) has been widely studied owing to its flexibility for spectral-efficiency versus energy-efficiency trade-off. However, applying conventional IM schemes with SC-FDMA may affect the desirable characteristics of SC-FDMA signals, resulting in the increase of PAPR, for example. On the other side, Wavelet Transform (WT) has been shown to provide an improved performance over the fast Fourier transform (FFT)-based SC-FDMA, owing to WT's local focusing capability in both time and frequency domains. In this paper, we propose three IM schemes, namely Symbol Position Index Modulation (SPIM), Spreading Matrix Index Modulation (SMIM) and Joint Matrix-Symbol Index Modulation (JMSIM) schemes, which perform IM at the symbol vector level, spreading matrix level, or a combination of both. These IM schemes are implemented with the WT-based SC-FDMA for data transmission. We consider two spreading matrix design schemes, namely random dispersion matrix design and Gram-Schmidt (GS) orthogonalization matrix design. Correspondingly, we propose different detection schemes, including Maximum Likelihood Detection (MLD), Simplified Maximum Likelihood Detection (SMLD), and the Two Stage Index-QAM Detection (TSD). The performance of the proposed schemes is evaluated by simulations. Our studies and results show that all the three schemes can effectively reduce the PAPR encountered by the conventional IM-assisted SC-FDMA signals. Moreover, the method of GS matrices can provide a gain upto 20 dB compared with the method of random dispersion matrices. Furthermore, the GS-based system can employ the proposed low-complexity TSD, allowing to achieve a similar bit error rate (BER) performance as MLD, while requiring significantly low complexity.
detection, index modulation, OFDM, peak-to-average power ratio, single carrier-frequency division multiple access (SC-FDMA), spatial modulation, Wavelet
1524-1538
Lu, Zhou
64556e65-f7d2-41ae-ba95-e025b044519d
El-Hajjar, Mohammed
3a829028-a427-4123-b885-2bab81a44b6f
Yang, Lie-Liang
ae425648-d9a3-4b7d-8abd-b3cfea375bc7
2 June 2025
Lu, Zhou
64556e65-f7d2-41ae-ba95-e025b044519d
El-Hajjar, Mohammed
3a829028-a427-4123-b885-2bab81a44b6f
Yang, Lie-Liang
ae425648-d9a3-4b7d-8abd-b3cfea375bc7
Lu, Zhou, El-Hajjar, Mohammed and Yang, Lie-Liang
(2025)
Wavelet transform aided single-carrier FDMA with index modulation.
IEEE Open Journal of Vehicular Technology, 6, .
(doi:10.1109/OJVT.2025.3576062).
Abstract
Single-carrier frequency-division multiple access (SC-FDMA) is a well-known multiuser transmission method for uplink communications owing to its low peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) characteristics. Simultaneously, index modulation (IM) has been widely studied owing to its flexibility for spectral-efficiency versus energy-efficiency trade-off. However, applying conventional IM schemes with SC-FDMA may affect the desirable characteristics of SC-FDMA signals, resulting in the increase of PAPR, for example. On the other side, Wavelet Transform (WT) has been shown to provide an improved performance over the fast Fourier transform (FFT)-based SC-FDMA, owing to WT's local focusing capability in both time and frequency domains. In this paper, we propose three IM schemes, namely Symbol Position Index Modulation (SPIM), Spreading Matrix Index Modulation (SMIM) and Joint Matrix-Symbol Index Modulation (JMSIM) schemes, which perform IM at the symbol vector level, spreading matrix level, or a combination of both. These IM schemes are implemented with the WT-based SC-FDMA for data transmission. We consider two spreading matrix design schemes, namely random dispersion matrix design and Gram-Schmidt (GS) orthogonalization matrix design. Correspondingly, we propose different detection schemes, including Maximum Likelihood Detection (MLD), Simplified Maximum Likelihood Detection (SMLD), and the Two Stage Index-QAM Detection (TSD). The performance of the proposed schemes is evaluated by simulations. Our studies and results show that all the three schemes can effectively reduce the PAPR encountered by the conventional IM-assisted SC-FDMA signals. Moreover, the method of GS matrices can provide a gain upto 20 dB compared with the method of random dispersion matrices. Furthermore, the GS-based system can employ the proposed low-complexity TSD, allowing to achieve a similar bit error rate (BER) performance as MLD, while requiring significantly low complexity.
Text
OJVT-2025-05-0280
- Accepted Manuscript
Text
Wavelet_Transform_Aided_Single-Carrier_FDMA_With_Index_Modulation
- Version of Record
More information
Accepted/In Press date: 29 May 2025
Published date: 2 June 2025
Keywords:
detection, index modulation, OFDM, peak-to-average power ratio, single carrier-frequency division multiple access (SC-FDMA), spatial modulation, Wavelet
Identifiers
Local EPrints ID: 502951
URI: http://eprints.soton.ac.uk/id/eprint/502951
ISSN: 2644-1330
PURE UUID: 9563b2c9-3025-4d7d-9b80-7212d8ddf5de
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Date deposited: 14 Jul 2025 16:48
Last modified: 11 Sep 2025 03:29
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Contributors
Author:
Zhou Lu
Author:
Mohammed El-Hajjar
Author:
Lie-Liang Yang
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