CD1-restricted T cells: are unconventional allies the key to future TB vaccines?
CD1-restricted T cells: are unconventional allies the key to future TB vaccines?
CD1-restricted T cells constitute an unconventional arm of immunity that recognises lipid antigens, a feature particularly pertinent to Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), a pathogen with a lipid-rich cell wall. Unlike classical MHC-restricted responses, CD1-mediated lipid antigen presentation includes donor-unrestricted T cell responses, offering a promising pathway for universally protective tuberculosis (TB) vaccines. This review explores the biology of CD1 isoforms, the functional diversity of CD1-restricted T cell subsets, and their roles in TB immunity. We discuss Mtb's lipid antigens, mechanisms of CD1 trafficking and antigen presentation, immune evasion strategies, and emerging translational insights. By highlighting key knowledge gaps and future directions, we argue that harnessing CD1-restricted T cells could unlock novel vaccine strategies against the world's leading infectious killer.
CD1, T cells, tuberculosis
Milton, Matthew
3c8d4cbe-83bb-4c4c-bcab-b52bad9307d6
Mansour, Salah
4aecba5a-8387-4f7b-b766-0a9c309ccb8b
10 July 2025
Milton, Matthew
3c8d4cbe-83bb-4c4c-bcab-b52bad9307d6
Mansour, Salah
4aecba5a-8387-4f7b-b766-0a9c309ccb8b
Milton, Matthew and Mansour, Salah
(2025)
CD1-restricted T cells: are unconventional allies the key to future TB vaccines?
Frontiers in Immunology, 16, [1629466].
(doi:10.3389/fimmu.2025.1629466).
Abstract
CD1-restricted T cells constitute an unconventional arm of immunity that recognises lipid antigens, a feature particularly pertinent to Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), a pathogen with a lipid-rich cell wall. Unlike classical MHC-restricted responses, CD1-mediated lipid antigen presentation includes donor-unrestricted T cell responses, offering a promising pathway for universally protective tuberculosis (TB) vaccines. This review explores the biology of CD1 isoforms, the functional diversity of CD1-restricted T cell subsets, and their roles in TB immunity. We discuss Mtb's lipid antigens, mechanisms of CD1 trafficking and antigen presentation, immune evasion strategies, and emerging translational insights. By highlighting key knowledge gaps and future directions, we argue that harnessing CD1-restricted T cells could unlock novel vaccine strategies against the world's leading infectious killer.
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Front reveiw_Milton_revised_Final_V2
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Milton and Masnour 2025
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Accepted/In Press date: 18 June 2025
Published date: 10 July 2025
Keywords:
CD1, T cells, tuberculosis
Identifiers
Local EPrints ID: 504859
URI: http://eprints.soton.ac.uk/id/eprint/504859
ISSN: 1664-3224
PURE UUID: 19a30d15-b0b1-4371-8859-7e5a06d54532
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Date deposited: 19 Sep 2025 16:46
Last modified: 20 Sep 2025 02:14
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Author:
Matthew Milton
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