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Using wearable sensors to identify home and community-based movement using continuous and straight line stepping time

Using wearable sensors to identify home and community-based movement using continuous and straight line stepping time
Using wearable sensors to identify home and community-based movement using continuous and straight line stepping time

Objective measurement of community participation is essential for evaluating functional recovery and intervention outcomes in clinical populations, yet current methods rely heavily on subjective self-report measures. This study developed and validated a classification model to distinguish between home- and community-based activities using stepping and lying data from activPAL devices. Twenty-four healthy participants wore activPAL 4+ monitors continuously while completing activity diaries over 7 days. A grid search optimisation approach tested threshold combinations for two stepping parameters: straight-line stepping time (SLS) and continuous stepping duration (CSD). The optimal model achieved 93.7% accuracy across 24-h periods using an SLS threshold of 26 s. The model demonstrated high precision with a median difference of just 7 min between the predicted and reported community participation time. Individual variation in model performance highlights the need for validation in diverse clinical cohorts. This represents a methodological advance in objective physical behaviour monitoring, enabling accurate classification of home and community activity from posture data. By identifying not just how much people move but where they move, the model supports more meaningful assessment of functional mobility and community participation. This can enhance clinical decision making, rehabilitation planning, and intervention evaluation. With potential for adoption in clinical pathways and public health policy, this approach addresses a key gap in measuring real-world recovery and independence.

accelerometry, activity classification, activPAL, community participation, mobility assessment, objective measurement, physical behaviour monitoring, rehabilitation outcomes
1424-8220
Gracey-McMinn, Lauren
8192db18-dd4a-4f82-9e73-72a08603ba88
Loudon, David
b1c63e4d-1fc7-40a9-aa14-a1e453d26562
Chadwell, Alix
c337930e-a6b5-43e3-8ca5-eed1d2d71340
Curtin, Samantha
acd346e0-e7a7-49e9-8d2d-5545746af288
Ostler, Chantel
c5e34ffb-7763-4fc0-98a4-128d1ed5d967
Granat, Malcolm
fc2cdec6-d546-43af-8f50-43238c8dcb66
Gracey-McMinn, Lauren
8192db18-dd4a-4f82-9e73-72a08603ba88
Loudon, David
b1c63e4d-1fc7-40a9-aa14-a1e453d26562
Chadwell, Alix
c337930e-a6b5-43e3-8ca5-eed1d2d71340
Curtin, Samantha
acd346e0-e7a7-49e9-8d2d-5545746af288
Ostler, Chantel
c5e34ffb-7763-4fc0-98a4-128d1ed5d967
Granat, Malcolm
fc2cdec6-d546-43af-8f50-43238c8dcb66

Gracey-McMinn, Lauren, Loudon, David, Chadwell, Alix, Curtin, Samantha, Ostler, Chantel and Granat, Malcolm (2025) Using wearable sensors to identify home and community-based movement using continuous and straight line stepping time. Sensors, 25 (16), [4979]. (doi:10.3390/s25164979).

Record type: Article

Abstract

Objective measurement of community participation is essential for evaluating functional recovery and intervention outcomes in clinical populations, yet current methods rely heavily on subjective self-report measures. This study developed and validated a classification model to distinguish between home- and community-based activities using stepping and lying data from activPAL devices. Twenty-four healthy participants wore activPAL 4+ monitors continuously while completing activity diaries over 7 days. A grid search optimisation approach tested threshold combinations for two stepping parameters: straight-line stepping time (SLS) and continuous stepping duration (CSD). The optimal model achieved 93.7% accuracy across 24-h periods using an SLS threshold of 26 s. The model demonstrated high precision with a median difference of just 7 min between the predicted and reported community participation time. Individual variation in model performance highlights the need for validation in diverse clinical cohorts. This represents a methodological advance in objective physical behaviour monitoring, enabling accurate classification of home and community activity from posture data. By identifying not just how much people move but where they move, the model supports more meaningful assessment of functional mobility and community participation. This can enhance clinical decision making, rehabilitation planning, and intervention evaluation. With potential for adoption in clinical pathways and public health policy, this approach addresses a key gap in measuring real-world recovery and independence.

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Accepted/In Press date: 9 August 2025
Published date: 12 August 2025
Keywords: accelerometry, activity classification, activPAL, community participation, mobility assessment, objective measurement, physical behaviour monitoring, rehabilitation outcomes

Identifiers

Local EPrints ID: 506077
URI: http://eprints.soton.ac.uk/id/eprint/506077
ISSN: 1424-8220
PURE UUID: 42804860-a8e6-4ca1-9580-396de55d4302
ORCID for Alix Chadwell: ORCID iD orcid.org/0000-0002-9101-5202
ORCID for Chantel Ostler: ORCID iD orcid.org/0000-0002-8267-2892

Catalogue record

Date deposited: 28 Oct 2025 17:57
Last modified: 29 Oct 2025 03:08

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Contributors

Author: Lauren Gracey-McMinn
Author: David Loudon
Author: Alix Chadwell ORCID iD
Author: Samantha Curtin
Author: Chantel Ostler ORCID iD
Author: Malcolm Granat

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