Radia, Kajal, Sapuan, Shari, Grassly, Nicholas, Andrews, Nick, Ramsay, Mary, Saliba, Vanessa, Stephens, Laura, Martin, Javier, Jones, Christine E., Miller, Elizabeth and Heath, Paul T. (2026) An observational, cohort, multi-centre, open label phase IV extension study comparing IPV immune responses to preschool dTaP-IPV booster vaccines in children whose mothers received or did not receive an IPV-containing pertussis vaccine during pregnancy in England. Vaccine, 76, [128306]. (doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2026.128306).
Abstract
A diphtheria-tetanus-acellular pertussis-inactivated polio combination vaccine (dTaP-IPV) was offered as part of the UK antenatal vaccination programme from 2012 to July 2024. Prior research established that infants of mothers who received a dTaP-IPV vaccine in pregnancy have significantly reduced poliovirus-specific neutralising antibodies after their primary immunisation series compared with infants of non-dTaP-IPV vaccinated mothers. We investigated whether sufficient poliovirus-specific neutralising antibody titres are achieved in these children following the pre-school dTaP-IPV booster vaccine. Poliovirus-specific neutralising antibody titres were measured, via a microneutralisation assay, prior to and following receipt of the pre-school booster vaccine in blood samples taken during an observational, cohort, multi-centre, open label phase IV extension study.
Prior to the pre-school boost, children of mothers who received dTaP-IPV vaccines in pregnancy had lower geometric mean titres (GMT) of antibodies than children of unvaccinated mothers (4.3 vs 54.7, p = 0.0001). However, following administration of the pre-school booster all children, regardless of maternal vaccination status achieved protective antibody titres (≥ 8), although children of vaccinated mothers still had lower GMTs (988 vs 2964, p = 0.009).
Administration of the preschool booster overcomes the polio virus immunity gap that develops following the primary vaccination series in children whose mothers received an antenatal dTaP-IPV vaccine versus unvaccinated mothers. Residual differences in post-booster titres warrant continued surveillance to assess their clinical relevance. Clinical trials registry:NCT03578120
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