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Cross-border bank lending under ambiguity: an analysis of claims and syndications

Cross-border bank lending under ambiguity: an analysis of claims and syndications
Cross-border bank lending under ambiguity: an analysis of claims and syndications

This paper is the first to explore how ambiguity arising from incomplete information about probabilities (a.k.a. Knightian uncertainty) – an altogether different construct from risk or economic policy uncertainty – affects cross border bank lending (claims and syndications). Using high-frequency stock return data from 20 countries to compute a newly defined measure of ambiguity, our results show a significant positive relationship between heightened ambiguity in source countries and increased cross-border bank lending. The relationship remains robust after controlling for macroeconomic factors. The results suggest that banks respond to domestic market ambiguity by restructuring their business portfolios and increasing their financial credit exposures abroad. This is consistent with theoretical hypotheses around banks’ ambiguity aversion. On the other hand, in line with most prior findings in existing literature, a volatility measure of risk is found to have a negative effect on cross-border bank lending. By isolating the effect of home country ambiguity from commonly adopted measures of risk or broadly defined uncertainty, our study provides an important insight for policymakers and banking supervisors navigating the complexities of global finance in an increasingly uncertain environment.

Ambiguity, Cross-border bank flows, International bank lending, Knightian uncertainty
0924-865X
Luo, Yun
2ac0f228-573d-43e7-b309-1529b6f3d174
Luo, Di
d6e61fed-fc5d-4aaf-a742-8e957344ee6d
De Vita, Glauco
002fc6bf-e5ed-4a13-8993-0ce5e1fc2005
Luo, Yun
2ac0f228-573d-43e7-b309-1529b6f3d174
Luo, Di
d6e61fed-fc5d-4aaf-a742-8e957344ee6d
De Vita, Glauco
002fc6bf-e5ed-4a13-8993-0ce5e1fc2005

Luo, Yun, Luo, Di and De Vita, Glauco (2026) Cross-border bank lending under ambiguity: an analysis of claims and syndications. Review of Quantitative Finance and Accounting. (doi:10.1007/s11156-026-01522-9).

Record type: Article

Abstract

This paper is the first to explore how ambiguity arising from incomplete information about probabilities (a.k.a. Knightian uncertainty) – an altogether different construct from risk or economic policy uncertainty – affects cross border bank lending (claims and syndications). Using high-frequency stock return data from 20 countries to compute a newly defined measure of ambiguity, our results show a significant positive relationship between heightened ambiguity in source countries and increased cross-border bank lending. The relationship remains robust after controlling for macroeconomic factors. The results suggest that banks respond to domestic market ambiguity by restructuring their business portfolios and increasing their financial credit exposures abroad. This is consistent with theoretical hypotheses around banks’ ambiguity aversion. On the other hand, in line with most prior findings in existing literature, a volatility measure of risk is found to have a negative effect on cross-border bank lending. By isolating the effect of home country ambiguity from commonly adopted measures of risk or broadly defined uncertainty, our study provides an important insight for policymakers and banking supervisors navigating the complexities of global finance in an increasingly uncertain environment.

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Final revised ms AMB INT LENDING RQF&A 6 April 2026 - Accepted Manuscript
Available under License Creative Commons Attribution.
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More information

Accepted/In Press date: 8 April 2026
e-pub ahead of print date: 6 May 2026
Additional Information: Publisher Copyright: © The Author(s) 2026.
Keywords: Ambiguity, Cross-border bank flows, International bank lending, Knightian uncertainty

Identifiers

Local EPrints ID: 511580
URI: http://eprints.soton.ac.uk/id/eprint/511580
ISSN: 0924-865X
PURE UUID: 1d7b6e85-be76-44ca-adbd-b6c3bbfb8df4
ORCID for Yun Luo: ORCID iD orcid.org/0000-0001-8409-366X

Catalogue record

Date deposited: 21 May 2026 16:42
Last modified: 22 May 2026 02:02

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Contributors

Author: Yun Luo ORCID iD
Author: Di Luo
Author: Glauco De Vita

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