Achieving an excellent combination of strength and plasticity in a low carbon steel through dynamic plastic deformation and subsequent annealing
Achieving an excellent combination of strength and plasticity in a low carbon steel through dynamic plastic deformation and subsequent annealing
An investigation was conducted to evaluate the effect of dynamic plastic deformation (DPD) and post-DPD annealing on the microstructural and mechanical properties of a tempered low carbon steel. The results showed that ultrafine-grained structures consisting of elongated martensitic laths and sub-grains are achieved after DPD processing. The amounts and sizes of carbides in the steels, identified as (Fe,Cr,Mn,Mo)
3C, decreased markedly with DPD straining due to their fragmentation and dissolution but a large number of finer carbides appeared due to re-precipitation during subsequent annealing. A simultaneous improvement in the strength and plasticity was obtained at DPD strains below ∼0.8. This increase in strength by ∼30–60% is mainly attributed to grain boundary strengthening, dislocation strengthening while the good plasticity is due to more active sliding systems, a reduction in the stress concentration during loading because of the amount decreasing of M
3C distributed along the interfaces, the increase of crack propagation resistance by more grain boundaries and the energy released through the occurrence of delamination fracture. After post-DPD annealing both the strength and plasticity improved compared with the as-received steel. Strengths higher by ∼20–39% were attributed to a combination of grain boundary strengthening, dislocation strengthening and precipitation strengthening derived from the re-precipitation of fine and dispersed carbides. The dislocation recovery occurring during annealing led to a decrease in strength compared with that before annealing. The incremental increase in plasticity is attributed to a combination of further active slip systems, a decreasing dislocation density and a dispersed distribution of finer carbides.
Annealing; Dynamic plastic deformation; Low carbon steel; Plasticity; Strengthening mechanism., Annealing, Dynamic plastic deformation, Low carbon steel, Plasticity, Strengthening mechanism
Gao, Chong
7139fc3a-f46c-4183-a41e-fa959d629951
Wang, Ying Chun
77cf014c-56e2-4569-bd19-ab2e86c4ae2c
Cheng, Xingwang
a6620e1f-2f98-42b8-a683-29b5bd2920d1
Li, Zhuang
64327bd2-9cd2-49a3-a6fc-7e500f0769b7
Cai, Hongnian
5451d6ac-ee22-4f4f-b866-d0dc399a7d52
Langdon, Terence G.
86e69b4f-e16d-4830-bf8a-5a9c11f0de86
11 May 2022
Gao, Chong
7139fc3a-f46c-4183-a41e-fa959d629951
Wang, Ying Chun
77cf014c-56e2-4569-bd19-ab2e86c4ae2c
Cheng, Xingwang
a6620e1f-2f98-42b8-a683-29b5bd2920d1
Li, Zhuang
64327bd2-9cd2-49a3-a6fc-7e500f0769b7
Cai, Hongnian
5451d6ac-ee22-4f4f-b866-d0dc399a7d52
Langdon, Terence G.
86e69b4f-e16d-4830-bf8a-5a9c11f0de86
Gao, Chong, Wang, Ying Chun, Cheng, Xingwang, Li, Zhuang, Cai, Hongnian and Langdon, Terence G.
(2022)
Achieving an excellent combination of strength and plasticity in a low carbon steel through dynamic plastic deformation and subsequent annealing.
Materials Science and Engineering: A, 842, [143051].
(doi:10.1016/j.msea.2022.143051).
Abstract
An investigation was conducted to evaluate the effect of dynamic plastic deformation (DPD) and post-DPD annealing on the microstructural and mechanical properties of a tempered low carbon steel. The results showed that ultrafine-grained structures consisting of elongated martensitic laths and sub-grains are achieved after DPD processing. The amounts and sizes of carbides in the steels, identified as (Fe,Cr,Mn,Mo)
3C, decreased markedly with DPD straining due to their fragmentation and dissolution but a large number of finer carbides appeared due to re-precipitation during subsequent annealing. A simultaneous improvement in the strength and plasticity was obtained at DPD strains below ∼0.8. This increase in strength by ∼30–60% is mainly attributed to grain boundary strengthening, dislocation strengthening while the good plasticity is due to more active sliding systems, a reduction in the stress concentration during loading because of the amount decreasing of M
3C distributed along the interfaces, the increase of crack propagation resistance by more grain boundaries and the energy released through the occurrence of delamination fracture. After post-DPD annealing both the strength and plasticity improved compared with the as-received steel. Strengths higher by ∼20–39% were attributed to a combination of grain boundary strengthening, dislocation strengthening and precipitation strengthening derived from the re-precipitation of fine and dispersed carbides. The dislocation recovery occurring during annealing led to a decrease in strength compared with that before annealing. The incremental increase in plasticity is attributed to a combination of further active slip systems, a decreasing dislocation density and a dispersed distribution of finer carbides.
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Yingchun-A low carbon steel by DPD-Manuscript-GC-WYC-TGL
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Yingchun-A low carbon steel by DPD-Figures and Tables-GC-WYC
- Accepted Manuscript
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Accepted/In Press date: 30 March 2022
Published date: 11 May 2022
Additional Information:
Funding Information:
The work was supported by the funding of National Science and Technology Major Project ( J2019-VI-0019-0134 ), the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No. 51671030 and the European Research Council under Grant Agreement No. 267464-SPDMETALS (TGL).
Publisher Copyright:
© 2022
Keywords:
Annealing; Dynamic plastic deformation; Low carbon steel; Plasticity; Strengthening mechanism., Annealing, Dynamic plastic deformation, Low carbon steel, Plasticity, Strengthening mechanism
Identifiers
Local EPrints ID: 469676
URI: http://eprints.soton.ac.uk/id/eprint/469676
ISSN: 0921-5093
PURE UUID: b7b641d8-4c07-4d4f-85f5-9e806d8afb5f
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Date deposited: 22 Sep 2022 16:31
Last modified: 06 Jun 2024 04:15
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Author:
Chong Gao
Author:
Ying Chun Wang
Author:
Xingwang Cheng
Author:
Zhuang Li
Author:
Hongnian Cai
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