Reaction time in adolescence, cumulative allostatic load, and symptoms of anxiety and depression in adulthood: The West of Scotland Twenty-07 Study
Reaction time in adolescence, cumulative allostatic load, and symptoms of anxiety and depression in adulthood: The West of Scotland Twenty-07 Study
Objective: to examine the relation between reaction time in adolescence and subsequent symptoms of anxiety and depression and investigate the mediating role of sociodemographic measures, health behaviors, and allostatic load.
Methods: participants were 705 members of the West of Scotland Twenty-07 Study. Choice reaction time was measured at age 16. At age 36 years, anxiety and depression were assessed with the 12-item General Health Questionnaire (GHQ) and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), and measurements were made of blood pressure, pulse rate, waist-to-hip ratio, and total and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, C-reactive protein, albumin, and glycosolated hemoglobin from which allostatic load was calculated.
Results: in unadjusted models, longer choice reaction time at age 16 years was positively associated with symptoms of anxiety and depression at age 36 years: for a standard deviation increment in choice reaction time, regression coefficients (95% confidence intervals) for logged GHQ score, and square-root–transformed HADS anxiety and depression scores were 0.048 (0.016–0.080), 0.064 (0.009–0.118), and 0.097 (0.032–0.163) respectively. Adjustment for sex, parental social class, GHQ score at age 16 years, health behaviors at age 36 years and allostatic load had little attenuating effect on the association between reaction time and GHQ score, but weakened those between reaction time and the HADS subscales. Part of the effect of reaction time on depression was mediated through allostatic load; this mediating role was of borderline significance after adjustment.
Conclusions: adolescents with slower processing speed may be at increased risk for anxiety and depression. Cumulative allostatic load may partially mediate the relation between processing speed and depression
493-505
Gale, C.R.
5bb2abb3-7b53-42d6-8aa7-817e193140c8
Batty, G.D.
bf322937-2cfb-4174-b5cb-dc016f0d0b8a
Cooper, S.A.
5b9f28b8-3f00-4612-81d3-c628d1ed69bf
Deary, I.J.
e3403cfe-eb5b-4941-903d-87ef0db89c60
Der, G.
47b6c715-f75e-4dcb-8125-bb5670de9386
McEwen, B.S.
1a4f9999-a023-4c2f-9675-bf60fe3324df
Cavanagh, J.
a21bfa0e-aef2-40a3-a243-e4b7aa09a434
June 2015
Gale, C.R.
5bb2abb3-7b53-42d6-8aa7-817e193140c8
Batty, G.D.
bf322937-2cfb-4174-b5cb-dc016f0d0b8a
Cooper, S.A.
5b9f28b8-3f00-4612-81d3-c628d1ed69bf
Deary, I.J.
e3403cfe-eb5b-4941-903d-87ef0db89c60
Der, G.
47b6c715-f75e-4dcb-8125-bb5670de9386
McEwen, B.S.
1a4f9999-a023-4c2f-9675-bf60fe3324df
Cavanagh, J.
a21bfa0e-aef2-40a3-a243-e4b7aa09a434
Gale, C.R., Batty, G.D., Cooper, S.A., Deary, I.J., Der, G., McEwen, B.S. and Cavanagh, J.
(2015)
Reaction time in adolescence, cumulative allostatic load, and symptoms of anxiety and depression in adulthood: The West of Scotland Twenty-07 Study.
Psychosomatic Medicine, 77 (5), .
(doi:10.1097/PSY.0000000000000189).
(PMID:25984823)
Abstract
Objective: to examine the relation between reaction time in adolescence and subsequent symptoms of anxiety and depression and investigate the mediating role of sociodemographic measures, health behaviors, and allostatic load.
Methods: participants were 705 members of the West of Scotland Twenty-07 Study. Choice reaction time was measured at age 16. At age 36 years, anxiety and depression were assessed with the 12-item General Health Questionnaire (GHQ) and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), and measurements were made of blood pressure, pulse rate, waist-to-hip ratio, and total and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, C-reactive protein, albumin, and glycosolated hemoglobin from which allostatic load was calculated.
Results: in unadjusted models, longer choice reaction time at age 16 years was positively associated with symptoms of anxiety and depression at age 36 years: for a standard deviation increment in choice reaction time, regression coefficients (95% confidence intervals) for logged GHQ score, and square-root–transformed HADS anxiety and depression scores were 0.048 (0.016–0.080), 0.064 (0.009–0.118), and 0.097 (0.032–0.163) respectively. Adjustment for sex, parental social class, GHQ score at age 16 years, health behaviors at age 36 years and allostatic load had little attenuating effect on the association between reaction time and GHQ score, but weakened those between reaction time and the HADS subscales. Part of the effect of reaction time on depression was mediated through allostatic load; this mediating role was of borderline significance after adjustment.
Conclusions: adolescents with slower processing speed may be at increased risk for anxiety and depression. Cumulative allostatic load may partially mediate the relation between processing speed and depression
Text
Gale_reaction time allostatic load mental health_revision for psychosom med_jan 12.docx
- Accepted Manuscript
Text
Table 1 _reaction time allostatic load mental health_revision for psychosom med_jan 7.docx
- Other
Text
Table 2 _reaction time allostatic load mental health_revision for psychosom med_jan 7.docx
- Other
Text
Table 3 _reaction time allostatic load mental health_revision for psychosom med_jan 7.docx
- Other
Text
Table 4 _reaction time allostatic load mental health_revision for psychosom med_jan 7.docx
- Other
Show all 5 downloads.
More information
Published date: June 2015
Organisations:
MRC Life-Course Epidemiology Unit
Identifiers
Local EPrints ID: 379216
URI: http://eprints.soton.ac.uk/id/eprint/379216
ISSN: 0033-3174
PURE UUID: 93deaa35-c3b9-4256-8b69-64c269c51ff9
Catalogue record
Date deposited: 24 Jul 2015 10:58
Last modified: 15 Mar 2024 02:49
Export record
Altmetrics
Contributors
Author:
G.D. Batty
Author:
S.A. Cooper
Author:
I.J. Deary
Author:
G. Der
Author:
B.S. McEwen
Author:
J. Cavanagh
Download statistics
Downloads from ePrints over the past year. Other digital versions may also be available to download e.g. from the publisher's website.
View more statistics
